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Lesson 6: Daily Activities and Time

Learn to describe daily routines, activities, and time expressions in Japanese.

This lesson focuses on daily activities, time expressions, and verb conjugations for routine actions. You will learn to talk about your daily schedule, ask about others

Lesson 6: Daily Activities and Time image

Key topics:

  • ・Daily routine verbs (たべます、のみます、ねます, etc.)
  • ・Time expressions (ごぜん、ごご、~じ、~ふん)
  • ・Food and drink vocabulary
  • ・Daily activities and hobbies
  • ・Verb conjugation for daily activities
  • ・Asking and answering about daily schedules
  • ・Frequency adverbs (まいあさ、まいばん、ときどき)

Vocabulary

1
たべます
tabemasu
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食べます
eat
Example
あさごはんをたべます
Asagohan o tabemasu.
I eat breakfast.
2
のみます
nomimasu
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飲みます
drink
Example
コーヒーをのみます
Kōhī o nomimasu.
I drink coffee.
3
すいます
suimasu
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吸います
smoke
Example
たばこをすいます
Tabako o suimasu.
I smoke cigarettes.
4
たばこをすいます
tabako o suimasu
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smoke a cigarette
Example
きっさてんでたばこをすいます
Kissaten de tabako o suimasu.
I smoke cigarettes at the cafe.
5
みます
mimasu
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見ます
see, look at, watch
Example
テレビをみます
Terebi o mimasu.
I watch TV.
6
ききます
kikimasu
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聞きます
hear, listen
Example
おんがくをききます
Ongaku o kikimasu.
I listen to music.
7
よみます
yomimasu
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読みます
read
Example
しんぶんをよみます
Shinbun o yomimasu.
I read the newspaper.
8
かきます
kakimasu
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書きます
write
Example
てがみをかきます
Tegami o kakimasu.
I write a letter.
9
かいます
kaimasu
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買います
buy
Example
ほんをかいます
Hon o kaimasu.
I buy a book.
10
とります
torimasu
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撮ります
take (a photograph)
Example
しゃしんをとります
Shashin o torimasu.
I take a photograph.
11
しゃしんをとります
shashin o torimasu
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take a picture
Example
りょこうでしゃしんをとります
Ryokō de shashin o torimasu.
I take pictures during travel.
12
します
shimasu
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-
do
Example
べんきょうをします
Benkyō o shimasu.
I study.
13
あいます
aimasu
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会います
meet
Example
ともだちにあいます
Tomodachi ni aimasu.
I meet a friend.
14
ともだちにあいます
tomodachi ni aimasu
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-
meet a friend
Example
えいがかんでともだちにあいます
Eigakan de tomodachi ni aimasu.
I meet friends at the movie theater.
15
ごはん
gohan
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ご飯
a meal, cooked rice
Example
ごはんをたべます。
Gohan o tabemasu.
I eat rice/a meal.
16
あさごはん
asagohan
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朝ご飯
breakfast
Example
7じにあさごはんをたべます。
Shichi-ji ni asagohan o tabemasu.
I eat breakfast at 7 o
17
ひるごはん
hirugohan
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昼ご飯
lunch
Example
12じにひるごはんをたべます。
Jūni-ji ni hirugohan o tabemasu.
I eat lunch at 12 o
18
ばんごはん
bangohan
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晩ご飯
supper
Example
7じにばんごはんをたべます。
Shichi-ji ni bangohan o tabemasu.
I eat supper at 7 o
19
パン
pan
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-
bread
Example
あさパンをたべます。
Asa pan o tabemasu.
I eat bread in the morning.
20
たまご
tamago
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egg
Example
たまごをたべます。
Tamago o tabemasu.
I eat eggs.
21
にく
niku
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meat
Example
やきにくをたべます。
Yakiniku o tabemasu.
I eat grilled meat.
22
さかな
sakana
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fish
Example
あささかなをたべます。
Asa sakana o tabemasu.
I eat fish in the morning.
23
やさい
yasai
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野菜
vegetable
Example
やさいをたくさんたべます。
Yasai o takusan tabemasu.
I eat a lot of vegetables.
24
くだもの
kudamono
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果物
fruit
Example
あさくだものをたべます。
Asa kudamono o tabemasu.
I eat fruit in the morning.
25
みず
mizu
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water
Example
みずをのみます。
Mizu o nomimasu.
I drink water.
26
おちゃ
ocha
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お茶
tea, green tea
Example
あさおちゃをのみます。
Asa ocha o nomimasu.
I drink tea in the morning.
27
こうちゃ
kōcha
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紅茶
black tea
Example
3じにこうちゃをのみます。
San-ji ni kōcha o nomimasu.
I drink black tea at 3 o
28
ぎゅうにゅう
gyūnyū
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牛乳
milk
Example
あさぎゅうにゅうをのみます。
Asa gyūnyū o nomimasu.
I drink milk in the morning.
29
ジュース
jūsu
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-
juice
Example
あさジュースをのみます。
Asa jūsu o nomimasu.
I drink juice in the morning.
30
ビール
bīru
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-
beer
Example
ばんごはんのあとビールをのみます。
Bangohan no ato bīru o nomimasu.
I drink beer after dinner.
31
おさけ
osake
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お酒
alcohol, Japanese rice wine
Example
のみかいでおさけをのみます。
Nomikai de osake o nomimasu.
I drink alcohol at drinking parties.
32
ビデオ
bideo
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-
video
Example
ビデオをみます。
Bideo o mimasu.
I watch videos.
33
えいが
eiga
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映画
movie
Example
えいがをみます。
Eiga o mimasu.
I watch movies.
34
てがみ
tegami
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手紙
letter
Example
てがみをかきます。
Tegami o kakimasu.
I write letters.
35
レポート
repōto
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report
Example
レポートをかきます。
Repōto o kakimasu.
I write reports.
36
しゃしん
shashin
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写真
photograph
Example
しゃしんをとります。
Shashin o torimasu.
I take photographs.
37
みせ
mise
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store, shop
Example
ほんみせにいきます。
Honmise ni ikimasu.
I go to the bookstore.
38
レストラン
resutoran
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-
restaurant
Example
レストランでごはんをたべます。
Resutoran de gohan o tabemasu.
I eat meals at restaurants.
39
にわ
niwa
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garden
Example
にわではなをそだてます。
Niwa de hana o sodatemasu.
I grow flowers in the garden.
40
しゅくだい
shukudai
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宿題
homework
Example
しゅくだいがあります。
Shukudai ga arimasu.
I have homework.
41
しゅくだいをします
shukudai o shimasu
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do homework
Example
うちでしゅくだいをします
Uchi de shukudai o shimasu.
I do homework at home.
42
テニス
tenisu
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-
tennis
Example
テニスをします。
Tenisu o shimasu.
I play tennis.
43
サッカー
sakkā
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-
soccer, football
Example
サッカーがすきです。
Sakkā ga suki desu.
I like soccer.
44
サッカーをします
sakkā o shimasu
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play soccer
Example
こうえんでサッカーをします
Kōen de sakkā o shimasu.
I play soccer in the park.
45
はなみ
hanami
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花見
cherry-blossom viewing
Example
はるにはなみにいきます。
Haru ni hanami ni ikimasu.
I go cherry-blossom viewing in spring.
46
はなみをします
hanami o shimasu
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go cherry-blossom viewing
Example
ともだちとはなみをします
Tomodachi to hanami o shimasu.
I go cherry-blossom viewing with friends.
47
なに
nani
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what
Example
なにをたべますか。
Nani o tabemasu ka?
What will you eat?
48
いっしょに
issho ni
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-
together
Example
ともだちといっしょにいきます。
Tomodachi to issho ni ikimasu.
I go together with friends.
49
ちょっと
chotto
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-
a little while, a little bit
Example
ちょっとやすみます。
Chotto yasumimasu.
I rest for a little while.
50
いつも
itsumo
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always, usually
Example
いつもここでべんきょうします。
Itsumo koko de benkyō shimasu.
I always study here.
51
ときどき
tokidoki
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時々
sometimes
Example
ときどきえいがをみます。
Tokidoki eiga o mimasu.
I sometimes watch movies.
52
それから
sore kara
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-
after that, and then
Example
しごと、それからかいものにいきます。
Shigoto, sore kara kaimono ni ikimasu.
Work, and then I go shopping.
53
ええ
ē
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-
yes
Example
A: コーヒーをのみますか。 B: ええ、のみます。
A: Kōhī o nomimasu ka? B: Ē, nomimasu.
A: Will you drink coffee? B: Yes, I will.
54
いいですね
ii desu ne
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-
that
Example
A: あしたやすみです。 B: いいですね
A: Ashita yasumi desu. B: Ii desu ne.
A: Tomorrow is a holiday. B: That
55
わかりました
wakarimashita
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-
I see
Example
A: 9じにきて下さい。 B: わかりました
A: Ku-ji ni kite kudasai. B: Wakarimashita.
A: Please come at 9 o
56
なんですか
nan desu ka
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-
Yes?
Example
A: すみません。 B: なんですか
A: Sumimasen. B: Nan desu ka.
A: Excuse me. B: Yes?
57
じゃ、またあした
ja, mata ashita
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-
see you tomorrow
Example
しつれいします。じゃ、またあした
Shitsurei shimasu. Ja, mata ashita.
Excuse me. See you tomorrow.

Grammar Rules

Rule 1: Verb Conjugation for Daily Activities

Structure: [Time] に + [Object] を + [Verb (ます-form)]

Use the ます-form of verbs to describe daily activities in a polite way. The particle に marks specific times, and を marks the direct object of the action. This pattern is essential for talking about routines, schedules, and habits.

How to use: Place the time expression (with に) first, then the object (if any) followed by を, then the verb in ます-form. For negative actions, use ~ません. For past, use ~ました. The subject (usually
💡 Pro Tip: Remember that ます-form is polite and safe for most conversations. For daily routines, present tense (~ます) indicates habitual actions. To ask about someone
Examples
わたしは7じにあさごはんをたべます。
Watashi wa shichi-ji ni asagohan o tabemasu.
→ I eat breakfast at 7 o
まいばん じゅういちじに ねます。
Maiban jūichi-ji ni nemasu.
→ I go to sleep at 11 o

Rule 2: Time Expressions

Structure: ごぜん (AM) / ごご (PM) + [Hour] じ + [Minute] ふん/ぷん

Use ごぜん for morning/AM and ごご for afternoon/PM to specify the time of day. Combine with hours (~じ) and minutes (~ふん/ぷん) to express exact times. For half past, use はん. For minutes, be aware of pronunciation changes (e.g., 1分=いっぷん, 3分=さんぷん, 6分=ろっぷん).

How to use: Place ごぜん or ごご before the time. For example: ごご 3じ (3 PM), ごぜん 8じ25ふん (8:25 AM). For 12 PM (noon), use ごご 12じ or simply ひる; for 12 AM (midnight), use ごぜん れいじ. To ask for the time, say いま なんじ ですか.
💡 Pro Tip: In casual conversation, you can drop ごぜん/ごご if the time is obvious from context. For times in the morning, あさ is also common (e.g., あさ 8じ). For evening, ばん (e.g., ばん 7じ). For minutes between 1 and 10, memorize the irregulars: 1分=いっぷん, 3分=さんぷん, 4分=よんぷん, 6分=ろっぷん, 8分=はっぷん, 10分=じゅっぷん.
Examples
ごご3じはんにはたらきます。
Gogo san-ji han ni hatarakimasu.
→ I work at 3:30 PM.
ごぜん くじ じゅっぷん に かいぎが はじまります。
Gozen kuji juppun ni kaigi ga hajimarimasu.
→ The meeting starts at 9:10 AM.

Rule 3: Frequency Adverbs

Structure: [Frequency adverb] + [Verb (ます-form)]

Place frequency adverbs before the verb to indicate how often an action occurs. Common adverbs include まいあさ (every morning), まいばん (every night), まいにち (every day), ときどき (sometimes), よく (often), たいてい (usually), and ぜんぜん (never, with negative verb).

How to use: Put the frequency adverb directly before the verb (or before the object if there is one). For negative frequency (never), use ぜんぜん + negative verb (~ません). To ask about frequency, use どのくらいのひんどで (how often) or simply repeat the verb in question form.
💡 Pro Tip: Order of frequency (high to low): まいにち > たいてい > よく > ときどき > あまり~ない (not very often) > ぜんぜん~ない (never). あまり must be used with negative. Also, いつも means
Examples
まいあさ6じにおきます。
Maiasa roku-ji ni okimasu.
→ I wake up at 6 o
わたしは ときどき えいがを みます。
Watashi wa tokidoki eiga o mimasu.
→ I sometimes watch movies.

Rule 4: Asking About Daily Routines

Structure: なんじ + に + [Verb] ますか

Use なんじに (what time) followed by a verb in polite question form to ask about the timing of a daily activity. This pattern is used to inquire about routines, schedules, or plans.

How to use: Place なんじに before the verb. The verb can be any action (e.g., おきます, たべます, いきます). For other time-related questions, use なんようびに (what day), なんがつに (what month), or なんねんに (what year). The particle に is required for specific points in time.
💡 Pro Tip: To ask
Examples
なんじにしごとがおわりますか。
Nan-ji ni shigoto ga owarimasu ka?
→ What time does work finish?
まいにち なんじに ばんごはんを たべますか。
Mainichi nan-ji ni bangohan o tabemasu ka?
→ What time do you eat dinner every day?

Rule 5: Doing Activities Together

Structure: [Person] と + いっしょに + [Verb]

Use と to mark the person you do something with, and optionally add いっしょに (together) for emphasis. This pattern is used to express doing an activity with someone. The particle と means

How to use: Place the companion
💡 Pro Tip: Do not confuse と (with, accompaniment) with で (by means of). For
Examples
ともだちといっしょにえいがをみます。
Tomodachi to issho ni eiga o mimasu.
→ I watch movies together with friends.
こんしゅうの どようび、かぞくといっしょに こうえんに いきます。
Konshū no doyōbi, kazoku to issho ni kōen ni ikimasu.
→ This Saturday, I will go to the park together with my family.

Exercises

Question 1

Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence meaning

わたしは 7じに あさごはんを ______。

Question 2

Complete the sentence meaning

まいばん じゅういちじに ______。

Question 3

How do you say

Question 4

Complete the sentence meaning

ごぜん くじ ______ に かいぎが はじまります。

Question 5

Complete the sentence meaning

______ 6じに おきます。

Question 6

Complete the sentence meaning

わたしは ______ えいがを みます。

Question 7

How do you ask

Question 8

Complete the question meaning

まいにち なんじに ばんごはんを ______ か。

Question 9

Complete the sentence meaning

ともだち______ えいがを みます。

Question 10

Complete the sentence meaning

こんしゅうの どようび、かぞく______ こうえんに いきます。

Question 11

Which sentence correctly uses

Question 12

Complete the sentence meaning

ごぜん 8じ ______ ふん

Question 13

What does

Question 14

Complete the question meaning

たいてい なんじに ______ か。

Question 15

How do you say

Question 16

Complete the negative sentence meaning

あさごはんを ______。

Question 17

What is the purpose of adding いっしょに in a sentence?

Question 18

Complete the sentence meaning

______ に ひるごはんを たべます。

Question 19

Which frequency adverb means the MOST often (highest frequency)?

Question 20

Complete the sentence meaning

まいあさ コーヒーを ______。

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