Chapter 12: Describing Qualities, Seasons and Culture
Learn how to describe qualities, talk about seasons, weather, and Japanese cultural topics
In this chapter, you will learn adjectives to describe various qualities and sensations. You

Key topics:
- ・Describing qualities and sensations
- ・Talking about seasons and weather
- ・Japanese cultural topics (food, festivals, arts)
- ・Travel and accommodation vocabulary
- ・Comparative expressions
- ・Describing tastes and temperatures
Vocabulary
Conversation
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Describing qualities with adjectives
Use adjectives to describe the quality or state of a noun. When an adjective ends a sentence, it acts as the predicate: い-adjectives appear directly (plus です for politeness), while な-adjectives require です to complete the sentence. When an adjective modifies a noun directly, い-adjectives stay as-is, but な-adjectives add な before the noun.
Rule 2: Comparative expressions with どちら
Use どちら when comparing two items or options. The particle と marks each item being compared, and どちら means
Rule 3: Time expressions with はじめて
Put はじめて (for the first time) before a verb to indicate that you are doing or experiencing something for the first time. It emphasizes the novelty of the experience. This works with past, present, and future verbs, though it is most common in past tense describing a first-time experience.
Rule 4: Emphasis with ずっと
Use ずっと before an adjective or comparative phrase to emphasize a large degree of difference. It means
Exercises
Question 1
Choose the correct way to say
このりんごは ______ です。
Question 2
Complete the sentence meaning
あのひとは ______ です。
Question 3
How do you say
Question 4
Complete the phrase meaning
______ まち
Question 5
How do you ask
Question 6
Complete the answer meaning
なつ ______ ______ すきです。
Question 7
When comparing three or more items, which word do you use?
Question 8
Complete the sentence meaning
______ にほんに いきました。
Question 9
What does
Question 10
Complete the sentence meaning
とうきょうは おおさか より ______ おおきいです。
Question 11
What is the difference between ずっと and もっと?
Question 12
Complete the sentence meaning
こっちのほうが ______ やすいです。
Question 13
What is the past tense of いい (good) in polite form?
Question 14
Complete the question meaning
ねこ と いぬ と ______ が かわいい ですか。
Question 15
Which word means
Question 16
Complete the sentence meaning
きょうは ______ あついです。
Question 17
How do you say
Question 18
Complete the question meaning
どちらが ______ おもしろいですか。
Question 19
What does
Question 20
Complete the answer meaning
こっち ______ ______ ずっと いいです。