Chapter 17: Health, Daily Life, and Responsibilities
Learn verbs for daily responsibilities, health-related vocabulary, and expressions for giving reasons and setting deadlines
In this chapter, you will learn verbs for remembering, forgetting, and daily responsibilities. You
Key topics:
- ・Memory and responsibility verbs
- ・Health and medical vocabulary
- ・Daily routines and personal care
- ・Time expressions with deadlines
- ・Giving reasons and explanations
- ・Work and business activities
Vocabulary
1
おぼえます
oboemasu
覚えます
remember, memorize, learn
Example
日本語のことばをおぼえます.
Nihongo no kotoba o oboemasu.
I memorize Japanese words.
2
わすれます
wasuremasu
忘れます
forget
Example
財布をわすれました.
Saifu o wasuremashita.
I forgot my wallet.
3
なくします
nakushimasu
-
lose (something)
Example
かぎをなくします.
Kagi o nakushimasu.
I lose the key.
4
だします
dashimasu
出します
submit, hand in, send out
Example
レポートをだします.
Repōto o dashimasu.
I submit the report.
5
はらいます
haraimasu
払います
pay
Example
でんぴょうをはらいます.
Denpyō o haraimasu.
I pay the bill.
6
かえします
kaeshimasu
返します
return (something), give back
Example
ほんをとしょかんにかえします.
Hon o toshokan ni kaeshimasu.
I return the book to the library.
7
でかけます
dekakemasu
出かけます
go out, leave (the house)
Example
かいものにでかけます.
Kaimono ni dekakemasu.
I go out for shopping.
8
ぬぎます
nugimasu
脱ぎます
take off (clothes, shoes)
Example
くつをぬぎます.
Kutsu o nugimasu.
I take off my shoes.
9
もっていきます
motte ikimasu
持っていきます
take (something) along, bring (to somewhere)
Example
かさをもっていきます.
Kasa o motte ikimasu.
I take an umbrella with me.
10
もってきます
motte kimasu
持ってきます
bring (something here)
Example
てみやげをもってきます.
Temiyage o motte kimasu.
I bring a souvenir.
11
しんぱいします
shinpai shimasu
心配()します
worry, be concerned
Example
こどものけんこうをしんぱいします.
Kodomo no kenkō o shinpai shimasu.
I worry about my child
12
ざんぎょうします
zangyō shimasu
残業します
work overtime
Example
きょうはざんぎょうします.
Kyō wa zangyō shimasu.
I work overtime today.
13
しゅっちょうします
shucchō shimasu
出張()します
go on a business trip
Example
らいしゅうおおさかにしゅっちょうします.
Raishū Ōsaka ni shucchō shimasu.
I go on a business trip to Osaka next week.
14
のみます
nomimasu
飲みます
drink, take (medicine)
Example
くすりをのみます.
Kusuri o nomimasu.
I take medicine.
15
はいります
hairimasu
入ります
enter, get into
Example
おふろにはいります.
Ofuro ni hairimasu.
I get into the bath.
16
たいせつ
taisetsu
大切
important, precious, valuable
Example
じかんはたいせつです.
Jikan wa taisetsu desu.
Time is important.
17
だいじょうぶ
daijōbu
大丈夫
safe, all right, okay, no problem
Example
からだはだいじょうぶです.
Karada wa daijōbu desu.
My body is okay (I
18
あぶない
abunai
危ない
dangerous
Example
このみちはあぶないです.
Kono michi wa abunai desu.
This road is dangerous.
19
もんだい
mondai
問題
problem, question, issue
Example
もんだいがあります.
Mondai ga arimasu.
There is a problem.
20
こたえ
kotae
答え
answer, solution
Example
しつもんのこたえがわかりません.
Shitsumon no kotae ga wakarimasen.
I don
21
きんえん
kin
禁煙
no smoking, smoking prohibited
Example
ここはきんえんです.
Koko wa kin'en desu.
This is a no smoking area.
22
けんこうほけん
kenkō hoken
健康保険
health insurance
Example
けんこうほけんに加入しています.
Kenkō hoken ni kanyū shite imasu.
I am enrolled in health insurance.
23
かぜ
kaze
風邪
cold, common cold
Example
かぜをひきました.
Kaze o hikimashita.
I caught a cold.
24
ねつ
netsu
熱
fever, heat
Example
熱が38どあります.
Netsu ga sanjūhachi do arimasu.
I have a fever of 38 degrees.
25
くすり
kusuri
薬
medicine, drug
Example
くすりをのんでください.
Kusuri o nonde kudasai.
Please take the medicine.
26
おふろ
ofuro
お風呂
bath, bathtub
Example
おふろにはいります.
Ofuro ni hairimasu.
I take a bath.
27
うわぎ
uwagi
上着
jacket, outer garment
Example
うわぎをきます.
Uwagi o kimasu.
I put on a jacket.
28
したぎ
shitagi
下着
underwear
Example
したぎをかえます.
Shitagi o kaemasu.
I change my underwear.
29
せんせい
sensei
先生
teacher, instructor, doctor (respectful title)
Example
せんせいにしつもんします.
Sensei ni shitsumon shimasu.
I ask the teacher a question.
30
に、さんにち
ni, san nichi
2、3日
2 or 3 days
Example
に、さんにちやすみます.
Ni, san nichi yasumimasu.
I will take 2 or 3 days off.
31
に、さん __
ni, san __
-
2 or 3___ (followed by counter)
Example
に、さんばいのみます.
Ni, san bai nomimasu.
I drink 2 or 3 cups.
32
__ までに
made ni
-
by, until (deadline)
Example
5じまでにかえります.
Go-ji made ni kaerimasu.
I
33
ですから
desu kara
-
so, therefore, because
Example
あめですから、かさをもっていきます.
Ame desu kara, kasa o motte ikimasu.
Because it
Conversation
1
どうしましたか
dou shimashita ka
What
Example Usage
どうしましたか.顔色が悪いですよ.
Dou shimashita ka. Kaoiro ga warui desu yo.
What
2
いた
ita
Pain / Ouch (informal)
Example Usage
痛！足をぶつけました.
Ita! Ashi wo butsukemashita.
Ouch! I hit my leg.
3
__ が いたいです
__ ga itai desu
[Something] hurts / [I] have pain in [something]
Example Usage
頭が痛いです.
Atama ga itai desu.
I have a headache.
4
のど
nodo
Throat
Example Usage
喉が痛いです.
Nodo ga itai desu.
My throat hurts.
5
お大事に
odaiji ni
Take care / Get well soon
Example Usage
風邪をひいたんですか.お大事に.
Kaze wo hiitan desu ka. Odaiji ni.
Did you catch a cold? Take care.
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Giving reasons with ですから
Structure: [Reason sentence] + ですから + [Result sentence]
Use ですから to give a reason or cause for something, similar to
How to use: When your reason ends with a noun or な-adjective, use ですから. Example: かぜ ですから、やすみます (Because I have a cold, I
💡 Pro Tip: Do not use ですから after verbs or い-adjectives — that is a common mistake (❌ たべますから). For those, drop です and just use から. ですから is also used as a conversation starter meaning
Examples
かぜですから、やすみます.
Kaze desu kara, yasumimasu.
→ Because I have a cold, I
あめですから、うちにいます.
Ame desu kara, uchi ni imasu.
→ Because it
Rule 2: Deadlines with ___までに
Structure: [Time/Deadline] + までに + [Verb]
Use 〜までに to express that an action must be completed by a specific deadline or point in time. It means
How to use: Take a time expression (e.g., あした = tomorrow, ごじ = 5 o
💡 Pro Tip: Do not confuse までに (by/deadline) with まで (until). Compare: ごじまでまちます (I will wait until 5 o
Examples
あしたまでにレポートをだします.
Ashita made ni repōto o dashimasu.
→ I
ごじまでにうちにかえります.
Go-ji made ni uchi ni kaerimasu.
→ I
Rule 3: Approximate numbers with 2、3 __
Structure: [2, 3] + [Counter/Time word]
Use the sequence に、さん (2, 3) before a counter or time word to indicate an approximate small number, meaning
How to use: Write or say the numbers に and さん, then add your counter or time word. Example: に、さんにち (2 or 3 days). Then use it in a sentence: に、さんにちかかります (It will take 2 or 3 days). For people: に、さんにん (2 or 3 people). For hours: に、さんじかん (2 or 3 hours). For small items (つ counter): に、さんこ (2 or 3 items — using こ instead of つ for 2,3). You can also write it as 2、3 (using the Chinese numeral comma).
💡 Pro Tip: This pattern only works for small numbers (usually up to 5,6). For
Examples
2、3にちかかります.
Ni, san nichi kakarimasu.
→ It will take 2 or 3 days.
2、3にんくるかもしれません.
Ni, san nin kuru kamoshiremasen.
→ Maybe 2 or 3 people will come.
Rule 4: Na-adjectives in sentences
Structure: [Topic] は [Na-adjective] + です (predicate) / [Na-adjective] + な + [Noun] (modifier)
な-adjectives (also called adjectival nouns) need な when they come directly before a noun to modify it. When they end a sentence as the predicate, they just take です (polite) or だ (plain) — no な. This is the key difference from い-adjectives, which can modify nouns directly without any particle.
How to use: For modifying a noun: take the な-adjective stem (e.g., たいせつ = important), add な, then the noun. Example: たいせつな しょるい (important documents). For ending a sentence: take the stem, add です. Example: これは たいせつです (This is important). For past: たいせつでした (was important). For negative: たいせつじゃありません (is not important) or たいせつではないです.
💡 Pro Tip: Never add な before です (❌ たいせつなです). The な only appears before a noun. Remember that きれい (pretty) and きらい (disliked) look like い-adjectives but are な-adjectives: きれいなひと (pretty person), きらいなたべもの (disliked food). For
Examples
これはたいせつなしょるいです.
Kore wa taisetsu na shorui desu.
→ These are important documents.
このへやはきれいです.
Kono heya wa kirei desu.
→ This room is clean/pretty.
Exercises
Question 1
かぜ ______ やすみます.
Question 2
さむい ______ コートを きます.
Question 3
What does
Question 4
ごじ ______ まちます.
Question 5
How do you say
Question 6
______ くるかもしれません.
Question 7
Choose the correct way to say
Question 8
これは ______ です.
Question 9
How do you say
Question 10
あめ ______ うちに います.
Question 11
How do you say
Question 12
______ かかります.
Question 13
How do you say
Question 14
ごじ ______ うちに かえります.
Question 15
What does
Question 16
たべすぎた ______、おなかが いたいです.
Question 17
How do you say
Question 18
りんごを ______ かいました.
Question 19
What does
Question 20
この としょかんは ______ です.