Japanify
Japanify FacebookJapanify InstagramJapanify YouTube

Lesson 4: Time and Schedule

Tell time, talk about daily routines, and describe weekly schedules using ~に and question words like なんじ, なんようび

This Lesson focuses on time expressions, daily routines, and schedules. You will learn to tell time, discuss daily activities, and use the particle に to specify when actions occur.

Lesson 4: Time and Schedule image

Key topics:

  • ・Telling time: なんじ (what time), ぷん (minutes)
  • ・Time expressions: ごぜん (a.m.), ごご (p.m.), よる (night)
  • ・Days of the week and dates
  • ・The particle に to mark the time of an action
  • ・Verbs: ねます (sleep), はたらきます (work), おわります (end)
  • ・Daily routine activities and schedules
  • ・Time-related vocabulary and expressions

Vocabulary

1
おきます
okimasu
Expand card
起きます
get up, wake up
Example
あさおきます
Asa okimasu.
I wake up in the morning.
2
ねます
nemasu
Expand card
寝ます
sleep, go to bed
Example
よるねます
Yoru nemasu.
I go to bed at night.
3
はたらきます
hatarakimasu
Expand card
働きます
work
Example
かいしゃではたらきます
Kaisha de hatarakimasu.
I work at the company.
4
やすみます
yasumimasu
Expand card
休みます
rest, take a day off
Example
どようびにやすみます
Doyōbi ni yasumimasu.
I rest on Saturdays.
5
べんきょうします
benkyō shimasu
Expand card
勉強します
study
Example
まいばんべんきょうします
Maiban benkyō shimasu.
I study every night.
6
おわります
owarimasu
Expand card
終わります
finish, end
Example
しごとがおわります
Shigoto ga owarimasu.
Work finishes.
7
デパート
depāto
Expand card
-
department store
Example
デパートにいきます。
Depāto ni ikimasu.
I go to the department store.
8
ぎんこう
ginkō
Expand card
銀行
bank
Example
ぎんこうでおかねをおろします。
Ginkō de okane o oroshimasu.
I withdraw money at the bank.
9
ゆうびんきょく
yūbinkyoku
Expand card
郵便局
post office
Example
ゆうびんきょくでてがみをおくります。
Yūbinkyoku de tegami o okurimasu.
I send letters at the post office.
10
としょかん
toshokan
Expand card
図書館
library
Example
としょかんでほんをよみます。
Toshokan de hon o yomimasu.
I read books at the library.
11
びじゅつかん
bijutsukan
Expand card
美術館
art museum
Example
びじゅつかんにいきます。
Bijutsukan ni ikimasu.
I go to the art museum.
12
いま
ima
Expand card
now
Example
いまなんじですか。
Ima nanji desu ka?
What time is it now?
13
~じ
~ji
Expand card
~o
Example
におきます。
Go ji ni okimasu.
I wake up at 5 o
14
~ふん
~fun
Expand card
~minute
Example
じゅうふんまちます。
fun machimasu.
I wait for 10 minutes.
15
はん
han
Expand card
half
Example
さんじはんです。
Sanji han desu.
It
16
ごぜん
gozen
Expand card
午前
a.m., morning
Example
ごぜんしちじにはたらきます。
Gozen shichiji ni hatarakimasu.
I work at 7 a.m.
17
ごご
gogo
Expand card
午後
p.m., afternoon
Example
ごごよじにうちにかえります。
Gogo yoji ni uchi ni kaerimasu.
I return home at 4 p.m.
18
あさ
asa
Expand card
morning
Example
あさごはんをたべます。
Asa gohan o tabemasu.
I eat breakfast.
19
ひる
hiru
Expand card
noon, daytime
Example
ひるやすみがあります。
Hiru yasumi ga arimasu.
I have a lunch break.
20
ばん
ban
Expand card
evening, night
Example
ばんごはんをつくります。
Ban gohan o tsukurimasu.
I make dinner.
21
よる
yoru
Expand card
night
Example
よるねます。
Yoru nemasu.
I sleep at night.
22
おととい
ototoi
Expand card
一昨日
day before yesterday
Example
おとといびょういんにいきました。
Ototoi byōin ni ikimashita.
I went to the hospital the day before yesterday.
23
きのう
kinō
Expand card
昨日
yesterday
Example
きのうともだちにあいました。
Kinō tomodachi ni aimashita.
I met my friend yesterday.
24
きょう
kyō
Expand card
今日
today
Example
きょうはげつようびです。
Kyō wa getsuyōbi desu.
Today is Monday.
25
あした
ashita
Expand card
明日
tomorrow
Example
あしたかいものにいきます。
Ashita kaimono ni ikimasu.
I will go shopping tomorrow.
26
あさって
asatte
Expand card
明後日
day after tomorrow
Example
あさってしけんがあります。
Asatte shiken ga arimasu.
I have an exam the day after tomorrow.
27
けさ
kesa
Expand card
今朝
this morning
Example
けさはやくおきました。
Kesa hayaku okimashita.
I woke up early this morning.
28
こんばん
konban
Expand card
今晩
this evening, tonight
Example
こんばんテレビをみます。
Konban terebi o mimasu.
I will watch TV tonight.
29
やすみ
yasumi
Expand card
休み
rest, holiday, day off
Example
あしたはやすみです。
Ashita wa yasumi desu.
Tomorrow is a holiday.
30
ひま
hima
Expand card
free time, spare time
Example
ひまなときほんをよみます。
Hima na toki hon o yomimasu.
I read books when I have free time.

Conversation

1
104
ichi-zero-yon
Expand card
Number 104
Example Usage
へやは104ごうしつです。
Heya wa ichi-zero-yon gou-shitsu desu.
The room is room 104.
2
わずお願いします
wazu onegaishimasu
Expand card
Please wait a moment
Example Usage
わずお願いします、すぐもどります。
Wazu onegaishimasu, sugu modorimasu.
Please wait a moment, I
3
かしこまりました
kashikomarimashita
Expand card
Certainly / Understood / I
Example Usage
はい、かしこまりました
Hai, kashikomarimashita.
Yes, certainly.
4
ばんごうおといあわせのばんごう
bangou otoiawase no bangou
Expand card
The number to inquire about
Example Usage
それはおといあわせのばんごうです。
Sore wa otoiawase no bangou desu.
That
5
[どうも] ありがとうございました
[doumo] arigatou gozaimashita
Expand card
Thank you very much (past tense)
Example Usage
きのうはありがとうございました
Kinou wa arigatou gozaimashita.
Thank you very much for yesterday.
6
どういたしまして
douitashimashite
Expand card
You
Example Usage
ありがとうございます。どういたしまして
Arigatou gozaimasu. Douitashimashite.
Thank you very much. You

Grammar Rules

Rule 1: Telling Time

Structure: [Number] + じ (hour) + [Number] + ふん/ぷん (minutes)

Use じ for hours (1 to 12) and ふん/ぷん for minutes. The pronunciation of minutes changes depending on the number for easier speaking (e.g., 1分 = いっぷん, 3分 = さんぷん, 6分 = ろっぷん, 10分 = じゅっぷん). For 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 minutes, use よんふん, ごふん, ななふん, はちふん, きゅうふん.

How to use: Combine the hour number + じ, then minute number + ふん/ぷん. For half past, use はん (e.g., 4時半 = 4:30). For minutes 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, pay attention to the sound changes. Use 何時 (なんじ) to ask
💡 Pro Tip: For minutes 1-10, memorize the irregulars: 1分=いっぷん, 2分=にふん, 3分=さんぷん, 4分=よんぷん, 5分=ごふん, 6分=ろっぷん, 7分=ななふん, 8分=はっぷん (or はちふん), 9分=きゅうふん, 10分=じゅっぷん. For 15 minutes, use じゅうごふん; for 45 minutes, よんじゅうごふん. In casual speech, 30 minutes is often just はん (half).
Examples
いま なんじ ですか。 さんじ です。
Ima nanji desu ka? Sanji desu.
→ What time is it now? It
いま ごご ろくじ じゅっぷん です。
Ima gogo rokuji juppun desu.
→ It

Rule 2: Time Particle に

Structure: [Time expression] + に + [Verb]

Use the particle に to mark the specific point in time when an action occurs. It is required for clock times, days of the week, months, and years. However, に is omitted with relative time words like きょう (today), あした (tomorrow), きのう (yesterday), まいあさ (every morning), and まいにち (every day).

How to use: Place に after the time expression (e.g., 3時, 月曜日, 3月). Then continue with the verb. For questions, use 何時に (what time). For
💡 Pro Tip: Do not use に after ごぜん/ごご (AM/PM) alone, but you can say ごぜん10時に. Also, に is not used with ~ごろ (approximately). For example, 3時ごろ (around 3 o
Examples
わたしは ごぜん くじに はたらきます。
Watashi wa gozen kuji ni hatarakimasu.
→ I work at 9 a.m.
まいにち ごご さんじに えいごを べんきょうします。
Mainichi gogo sanji ni eigo o benkyō shimasu.
→ I study English at 3 p.m. every day.

Rule 3: Daily Routine Verbs

Structure: [Time] + に + [Activity verb]

Common verbs for daily routines include おきます (to wake up), ねます (to sleep), はたらきます (to work), べんきょうします (to study), あびます (to shower/bathe), たべます (to eat), かえります (to return/go home), and いきます/きます (to go/come). These are often used with time expressions to describe your daily schedule.

How to use: Place the time (with に if specific) before the verb. The verb goes at the end of the sentence. For habitual actions, use present tense (~ます). For past actions, use past tense (~ました). You can combine multiple actions with the て-form.
💡 Pro Tip: Learn these verbs in their ます-form first. To ask about someone
Examples
あさ しちじに おきます。
Asa shichiji ni okimasu.
→ I wake up at 7 in the morning.
まいばん じゅういちじごろ ねます。
Maiban jūichiji goro nemasu.
→ I go to sleep around 11 p.m. every night.

Rule 4: Time Expressions

Structure: ごぜん (AM) / ごご (PM) + Time | あさ (morning), ひる (noon), ばん (evening), よる (night)

Use ごぜん and ごご before the time to specify morning or afternoon/evening. Unlike English, Japanese does not use 12-hour AM/PM with 12:00; instead, say ごご じゅうにじ for 12 PM (noon) and ごぜん れいじ (or ごぜん じゅうにじ) for 12 AM (midnight). Other common time words: あさ (early morning ~10am), ひる (around noon), ばん (evening, from sunset to bedtime), よる (night, late evening).

How to use: Place ごぜん or ごご before the hour + じ. For example: ごご 3じ (3 PM). These can also be used without a following time: ごぜんちゅう (during the morning), ごごから (from the afternoon). For
💡 Pro Tip: In daily conversation, Japanese often uses 24-hour time for schedules (e.g., 19時 for 7 PM), but ごご is more common for spoken time. Be careful: あさ is generally until about 10 AM, then ごぜん until 11:59 AM. ばん is roughly 6 PM to 10 PM, then よる for late night. For
Examples
ごご よじに うちに かえります。
Gogo yoji ni uchi ni kaerimasu.
→ I return home at 4 p.m.
あさ ごぜん はちじに あさごはんを たべます。
Asa gozen hachiji ni asagohan o tabemasu.
→ I eat breakfast at 8 a.m. in the morning.

Exercises

Question 1

Choose the correct way to say

いま なんじですか。 さんじ です。

Question 2

Complete the sentence meaning

いま ろくじ ______ です。

Question 3

How do you say

Question 4

Complete the sentence meaning

わたしは ごぜん くじ ______ はたらきます。

Question 5

Which sentence correctly omits に?

Question 6

Complete the sentence meaning

あさ しちじに ______。

Question 7

Choose the correct verb meaning

まいばん じゅういちじごろ ______。

Question 8

Complete the sentence meaning

まいにち ______ さんじに えいごを べんきょうします。

Question 9

How do you say

Question 10

Complete the sentence meaning

いま なんじですか。 さんじ ______ です。

Question 11

How do you ask

Question 12

Complete the sentence meaning

げつようび ______ うちに かえります。

Question 13

Which sentence correctly uses ごろ?

Question 14

Complete the sentence meaning

ごご よじに うちに ______。

Question 15

How do you say

Question 16

Complete the sentence meaning

______ テレビを みます。

Question 17

How do you say

Question 18

Complete the sentence meaning

ごぜん はちじに あさごはんを ______。

Question 19

How do you say

Question 20

Complete the sentence meaning

いま ______ じゅうじ です。

×
On'yomi:
Kun'yomi: