Lesson 4: Time and Schedule
Tell time, talk about daily routines, and describe weekly schedules using ~に and question words like なんじ, なんようび
This Lesson focuses on time expressions, daily routines, and schedules. You will learn to tell time, discuss daily activities, and use the particle に to specify when actions occur.

Key topics:
- ・Telling time: なんじ (what time), ぷん (minutes)
- ・Time expressions: ごぜん (a.m.), ごご (p.m.), よる (night)
- ・Days of the week and dates
- ・The particle に to mark the time of an action
- ・Verbs: ねます (sleep), はたらきます (work), おわります (end)
- ・Daily routine activities and schedules
- ・Time-related vocabulary and expressions
Vocabulary
Conversation
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Telling Time
Use じ for hours (1 to 12) and ふん/ぷん for minutes. The pronunciation of minutes changes depending on the number for easier speaking (e.g., 1分 = いっぷん, 3分 = さんぷん, 6分 = ろっぷん, 10分 = じゅっぷん). For 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 minutes, use よんふん, ごふん, ななふん, はちふん, きゅうふん.
Rule 2: Time Particle に
Use the particle に to mark the specific point in time when an action occurs. It is required for clock times, days of the week, months, and years. However, に is omitted with relative time words like きょう (today), あした (tomorrow), きのう (yesterday), まいあさ (every morning), and まいにち (every day).
Rule 3: Daily Routine Verbs
Common verbs for daily routines include おきます (to wake up), ねます (to sleep), はたらきます (to work), べんきょうします (to study), あびます (to shower/bathe), たべます (to eat), かえります (to return/go home), and いきます/きます (to go/come). These are often used with time expressions to describe your daily schedule.
Rule 4: Time Expressions
Use ごぜん and ごご before the time to specify morning or afternoon/evening. Unlike English, Japanese does not use 12-hour AM/PM with 12:00; instead, say ごご じゅうにじ for 12 PM (noon) and ごぜん れいじ (or ごぜん じゅうにじ) for 12 AM (midnight). Other common time words: あさ (early morning ~10am), ひる (around noon), ばん (evening, from sunset to bedtime), よる (night, late evening).
Exercises
Question 1
Choose the correct way to say
いま なんじですか。 さんじ です。
Question 2
Complete the sentence meaning
いま ろくじ ______ です。
Question 3
How do you say
Question 4
Complete the sentence meaning
わたしは ごぜん くじ ______ はたらきます。
Question 5
Which sentence correctly omits に?
Question 6
Complete the sentence meaning
あさ しちじに ______。
Question 7
Choose the correct verb meaning
まいばん じゅういちじごろ ______。
Question 8
Complete the sentence meaning
まいにち ______ さんじに えいごを べんきょうします。
Question 9
How do you say
Question 10
Complete the sentence meaning
いま なんじですか。 さんじ ______ です。
Question 11
How do you ask
Question 12
Complete the sentence meaning
げつようび ______ うちに かえります。
Question 13
Which sentence correctly uses ごろ?
Question 14
Complete the sentence meaning
ごご よじに うちに ______。
Question 15
How do you say
Question 16
Complete the sentence meaning
______ テレビを みます。
Question 17
How do you say
Question 18
Complete the sentence meaning
ごぜん はちじに あさごはんを ______。
Question 19
How do you say
Question 20
Complete the sentence meaning
いま ______ じゅうじ です。