Chapter 11: Counting, Quantities and Time
Learn how to count objects, describe quantities, and express time durations
In this chapter, you will learn Japanese counting systems, how to use various counters for different objects, describe family relationships in detail, and express time durations and quantities. You

Key topics:
- ・Japanese counting systems (Native and Sino-Japanese)
- ・Using counters for different objects (つ, 個, 枚, 人, etc.)
- ・Expressing time durations (時間, 週間, か月, 年)
- ・Extended family vocabulary
- ・Shopping and postal vocabulary
- ・Asking about quantities and durations
Vocabulary
Conversation
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Using counters with numbers
Japanese uses specific counters depending on the shape, size, or category of an object (e.g., つ for general small items, 本 for long cylindrical objects, 人 for people). The counter always follows the number directly. Use の to connect the counted item to a noun when specifying exactly what you
Rule 2: Asking about quantities
Use いくつ to ask
Rule 3: Expressing time duration
To express how long an action takes or continues, place the time duration expression (e.g., 一時間 = one hour, 三十分 = thirty minutes) directly before the verb. No particle is needed between the duration and the verb. This works for past, present, and future actions.
Rule 4: Using ぐらい for approximate amounts
Add ぐらい (or くらい) after a counter to indicate an approximate amount, number, or duration. It softens a precise number, meaning
Exercises
Question 1
Choose the correct way to say
りんごを ______ かいました。
Question 2
Complete the sentence meaning
______ の がくせい が います。
Question 3
What does
Question 4
Complete the question meaning
りんごは ______ かいましたか。
Question 5
How do you ask
Question 6
Complete the sentence meaning
______ べんきょう しました。
Question 7
How do you say
Question 8
Complete the sentence meaning
______ ぐらい かかります。
Question 9
Which is correct for
Question 10
Complete the sentence meaning
ビールを ______ かいました。
Question 11
What is the correct way to say
Question 12
Complete the sentence meaning
かみを ______ 下さい。
Question 13
How do you politely ask a child
Question 14
Complete the sentence meaning
いえに ねこが ______ います。
Question 15
What does
Question 16
Complete the sentence meaning
パーティーには ______ ぐらい きました。
Question 17
Which means
Question 18
Complete the sentence meaning
わたしは くるまを ______ もっています。
Question 19
Which question asks
Question 20
Complete the sentence meaning
りんごを ______ ぐらい かいました。