Chapter 10: Existence and Location
Learn how to express existence and describe locations of people, animals, and objects
In this chapter, you will learn how to use the verbs います and あります to describe the existence and location of animate and inanimate objects. You

Key topics:
- ・Expressing existence (います、あります)
- ・Describing locations of people and objects
- ・Using location words (上、下、前、後ろ、中、外)
- ・Talking about positions and relationships
- ・Describing buildings and places
- ・Using counters for shelves and positions
Vocabulary
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Existence of animate things - います
Use います to express the existence or presence of living, moving things—people, animals, insects, etc. The location is marked by the particle に (meaning
Rule 2: Existence of inanimate things - あります
Use あります to express the existence or presence of non-living things—objects, plants, buildings, events, etc. The location is marked by に, and the existing thing is marked by が. This is also used for scheduled events (e.g., パーティーがあります = There is a party).
Rule 3: Location words with の
Use the possessive particle の to connect a noun to a location word, showing where that noun is relative to something else. Location words are nouns like うえ (above/on top), した (under/below), なか (inside), そと (outside), まえ (in front), うしろ (behind), となり (next to), and あいだ (between).
Rule 4: Describing positions
When you want to specify where a particular thing is located, make that thing the topic using は, and state the location using に + います/あります. This pattern answers
Exercises
Question 1
Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence meaning
こうえん に こども が ______。
Question 2
Complete the sentence meaning
つくえ の うえ に ほん が ______。
Question 3
Which particle marks the location of existence?
Question 4
Complete the sentence meaning
れいぞうこ ______ なか ______ ケーキ が あります。
Question 5
What does
Question 6
Complete the sentence meaning
へや に いぬ が ______。
Question 7
How do you say
Question 8
Complete the sentence meaning
わたし ______ となり ______ たなかさん が います。
Question 9
How do you ask
Question 10
Complete the sentence meaning
むかし、ここ に ねこ が ______。
Question 11
What does
Question 12
Complete the sentence meaning
えき ______ まえ ______ コンビニ が あります。
Question 13
Which is correct for
Question 14
Complete the sentence meaning
わたしの スマホ ______ テーブル ______ うえ ______ あります。
Question 15
How do you ask
Question 16
Complete the sentence meaning
ペン と ノート ______ あいだ ______ ほん が あります。
Question 17
What does
Question 18
Complete the sentence meaning
わたし ______ うしろ ______ あに が います。
Question 19
Which sentence introduces
Question 20
Complete the sentence meaning
せんせい ______ がくせい ______ まえ ______ います。