Lesson 14: Taking Time Off
Asking for permission, reporting absences, and workplace procedures
This lesson focuses on workplace communication for requesting time off, reporting lateness, and asking for permission to leave work temporarily. Students learn to make polite requests, give reasons for absences, fill out vacation request forms, and understand Japanese workplace procedures and etiquette.

Key topics:
- ・Reporting lateness and calling in sick to work
- ・Asking for permission to leave work temporarily
- ・Requesting early dismissal or time off in advance
- ・Filling out and understanding vacation request forms
- ・Workplace etiquette and formal apologies
- ・Japanese workplace culture regarding time off and seals
Vocabulary
Conversation
Kanji
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Reason/Cause with ~で/て
Use the て-form of nouns, adjectives, and verbs to connect two clauses where the first clause gives the reason or cause for the second. This is a natural, conversational way to explain 'because A, B' without using explicit conjunctions like から.
Rule 2: それで、~ (Therefore, so)
Use それで at the beginning of a sentence to show that the second sentence is a natural result or consequence of the first. It means 'so', 'therefore', or 'that's why'. It connects two independent sentences, unlike the て-form which connects clauses.
Rule 3: Asking permission: V-てもいいですか?
Use verb て-form + もいいですか to politely ask for permission to do something. This is the standard way to say 'May I do ~?' in everyday situations. It is appropriate for workplaces, schools, and casual settings.
Rule 4: Polite permission request: V-てもいいでしょうか?
A more polite version of asking permission, using でしょうか instead of ですか. This form is used with superiors, clients, or in very formal situations. It conveys extra humility and respect.
Rule 5: Must/have to: V-なければなりません
Use verb ない-form stem + なければなりません to express obligation or necessity: 'must do' or 'have to do'. This is the standard polite form for saying something is required. The negative ない-form is the base, then add なければなりません.
Rule 6: Explaining situations: ~んです
Use ~んです (or ~のです in writing) to explain a situation, give a reason, or provide background information. It adds a sense of 'the thing is...' or 'it's that...' and softens statements, making them more natural in conversation.
Exercises
Question 1
Choose the correct て-form to complete the sentence meaning 'The road is crowded, so it's not moving at all.'
道が混ん______、ぜんぜん動きません。
Question 2
Choose the correct reading of 用事 to complete the sentence.
今日は______があります。
Question 3
Complete the sentence meaning 'I forgot my wallet at home. So, I'll be a little late.'
家に財布を忘れました。______、少し遅れます。
Question 4
Choose the correct reading of 伝える to complete the sentence.
彼に______て下さい。
Question 5
Choose the correct way to ask 'May I go to the restroom?'
Question 6
What is the meaning of 連絡先?
連絡先を教えて下さい。
Question 7
Choose the more polite version of 'May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?'
Question 8
Choose the correct reading of 別に to complete the sentence.
______いいです。
Question 9
Complete the sentence meaning 'I have to write a report every day.'
毎日、報告書を______なりません。
Question 10
Choose the correct reading of 取る to complete the sentence.
本を______て。
Question 11
Choose the correct explanation for 'Why were you late?'
Q: どうして遅れたんですか? A: ______。
Question 12
Choose the correct reading of 氏名 to complete the sentence.
______を書いて下さい。
Question 13
Complete the sentence meaning 'It's hot, so may I open the window?'
暑______、窓を開けてもいいですか?
Question 14
Choose the correct reading of 数 to complete the sentence.
______があります。
Question 15
What is the casual equivalent of '行かなければなりません'?
Question 16
Choose the correct reading of 変える to complete the sentence.
色を______ます。
Question 17
How do you ask 'May I not go?'?
Question 18
What is the meaning of 早く in '早く来て'?
Question 19
Which sentence uses それで correctly to mean 'so/therefore'?
Question 20
Choose the correct reading of 理由 to complete the sentence.
それはいい______です。