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Lesson 14: Taking Time Off

Asking for permission, reporting absences, and workplace procedures

This lesson focuses on workplace communication for requesting time off, reporting lateness, and asking for permission to leave work temporarily. Students learn to make polite requests, give reasons for absences, fill out vacation request forms, and understand Japanese workplace procedures and etiquette.

Lesson 14: Taking Time Off image

Key topics:

  • ・Reporting lateness and calling in sick to work
  • ・Asking for permission to leave work temporarily
  • ・Requesting early dismissal or time off in advance
  • ・Filling out and understanding vacation request forms
  • ・Workplace etiquette and formal apologies
  • ・Japanese workplace culture regarding time off and seals

Vocabulary

1
かえる
kaeru
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帰る
to go home
Example
いま帰ります
Ima kaerimasu.
I'm going home now.
2
とる
toru
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取る
to pick up
Example
これを取ります
Kore o torimasu.
I'll pick this up.
3
つたえる
tsutaeru
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伝える
to tell
Example
しゃちょうに伝えます
Shachō ni tsutaemasu.
I'll tell the president.
4
やすむ
yasumu
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休む
to take a day off / to get a leave
Example
あした休みます
Ashita yasumimasu.
I'll take a day off tomorrow.
5
すう
suu
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吸う
to smoke
Example
ここでタバコを吸いますか。
Koko de tabako o suimasu ka.
Do you smoke here?
6
もどる
modoru
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戻る
to return
Example
すぐに戻ります
Sugu ni modorimasu.
I'll return soon.
7
すむ
sumu
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済む
to finish
Example
もうしごとが済みました
Mō shigoto ga sumimashita.
Work is already finished.
8
だす
dasu
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出す
to submit
Example
レポートを出します
Repōto o dashimasu.
I'll submit the report.
9
もつ
motsu
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持つ
to have
Example
これを持ちます
Kore o mochimasu.
I'll hold this.
10
いる
iru
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要る
to require
Example
これが要ります
Kore ga irimasu.
This is needed.
11
ていしゅつする
teishutsu suru
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提出する
to submit
Example
しゅくだいを提出します
Shukudai o teishutsu shimasu.
I'll submit the homework.
12
こんでいる
kondeiru
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混んでいる
crowded
Example
でんしゃが混んでいます
Densha ga konde imasu.
The train is crowded.
13
ひどい
hidoi
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-
bad / awful
Example
てんきがひどいです。
Tenki ga hidoi desu.
The weather is awful.
14
ぐあいがわるい
guai ga warui
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具合が悪い
feel bad / unwell
Example
からだが具合が悪いです。
Karada ga guai ga warui desu.
I feel unwell.
15
せき
seki
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cough
Example
がでます。
Seki ga demasu.
I have a cough.
16
ねつ
netsu
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fever
Example
が38どあります。
Netsu ga sanjūhachi do arimasu.
I have a fever of 38 degrees.
17
さいふ
saifu
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財布
wallet
Example
財布をわすれました。
Saifu o wasuremashita.
I forgot my wallet.
18
びょういん
byōin
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病院
hospital
Example
病院へいきます。
Byōin e ikimasu.
I go to the hospital.
19
いえ
ie
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house
Example
ともだちのへいきます。
Tomodachi no ie e ikimasu.
I go to my friend's house.
20
これから
kore kara
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-
from now
Example
これからしごとをします。
Kore kara shigoto o shimasu.
I'll work from now.
21
みなさん
minasan
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皆さん
everyone
Example
皆さん、きをつけてください。
Minasan, ki o tsukete kudasai.
Everyone, please be careful.
22
ちこくする
chikoku suru
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遅刻する
to be late
Example
あさって遅刻します
Asatte chikoku shimasu.
I'll be late the day after tomorrow.
23
あとで
ato de
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-
later
Example
あとででんわします。
Ato de denwa shimasu.
I'll call later.
24
おいのり
oinori
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お祈り
prayer
Example
てらでお祈りをします。
Tera de oinori o shimasu.
I pray at the temple.
25
たばこ
tabako
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-
tobacco / cigarette
Example
たばこをやめました。
Tabako o yamemashita.
I quit smoking.
26
きゅうけい
kyūkei
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休憩
break
Example
10ぷん休憩します。
Jippun kyūkei shimasu.
I'll take a 10-minute break.
27
しゃちょう
shachō
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社長
president
Example
あのかたが社長です。
Ano kata ga shachō desu.
That person is the president.
28
やくしょ
yakusho
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役所
city hall
Example
ゆうびんきょくは役所のとなりです。
Yūbinkyoku wa yakusho no tonari desu.
The post office is next to city hall.
29
はやく
hayaku
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早く
early
Example
あしたは早くおきます。
Ashita wa hayaku okimasu.
I'll wake up early tomorrow.
30
ようじ
yōji
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用事
errand
Example
きょうは用事があります。
Kyō wa yōji ga arimasu.
I have an errand today.
31
しゅにん
shunin
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主任
chief
Example
わたしの主任はやさしいです。
Watashi no shunin wa yasashii desu.
My chief is kind.
32
らいげつ
raigetsu
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来月
next month
Example
来月にほんへいきます。
Raigetsu nihon e ikimasu.
I'll go to Japan next month.
33
きゅうかとどけ
kyūka todoke
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休暇届
vacation request / leave form
Example
これを休暇届にだします。
Kore o kyūka todoke ni dashimasu.
I'll submit this as a leave form.
34
フォーム
fōmu
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-
form
Example
このフォームにかいてください。
Kono fōmu ni kaite kudasai.
Please fill out this form.
35
しょぞく
shozoku
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所属
affiliation
Example
あなたの所属はどこですか。
Anata no shozoku wa doko desu ka.
Where is your affiliation?
36
チーム
chīmu
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-
team
Example
このチームでがんばります。
Kono chīmu de ganbarimasu.
I'll do my best with this team.
37
そうむ
sōmu
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総務
general affairs
Example
総務のひとにきいてください。
Sōmu no hito ni kiite kudasai.
Please ask the general affairs person.
38
しめい
shimei
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氏名
full name
Example
ここに氏名をかいてください。
Koko ni shimei o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name here.
39
ハンコ
hanko
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-
stamp
Example
ここにハンコをおしてください。
Koko ni hanko o oshite kudasai.
Please stamp here.
40
de
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-
because of that (casualそれで)
Example
あめがふりました。、えんそくはちゅうしです。
Ame ga furimashita. De, ensoku wa chūshi desu.
It rained. Because of that, the field trip is canceled.
41
きかん
kikan
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期間
duration
Example
この期間はやすみます。
Kono kikan wa yasumimasu.
I'll take a break during this period.
42
りゆう
riyū
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理由
reason
Example
その理由をききました。
Sono riyū o kikimashita.
I asked the reason.
43
ふつう
futsū
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普通
ordinary
Example
きょうは普通のひです。
Kyō wa futsū no hi desu.
Today is an ordinary day.
44
しよう
shiyō
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私用
for private reason
Example
これは私用のでんわです。
Kore wa shiyō no denwa desu.
This is a private phone call.
45
やすみちゅう
yasumichū
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休み中
while on leave
Example
いまは休み中です。
Ima wa yasumichū desu.
I'm on leave now.
46
れんらくさき
renrakusaki
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連絡先
contact information
Example
わたしの連絡先をおしえます。
Watashi no renrakusaki o oshiemasu.
I'll give you my contact information.
47
びこう
bikō
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備考
remarks
Example
この備考をよんでください。
Kono bikō o yonde kudasai.
Please read these remarks.
48
しょうにんいん
shōnin in
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承認印
seal of approval
Example
ここに承認印をおしてください。
Koko ni shōnin in o oshite kudasai.
Please put an approval seal here.
49
じぜんに
jizen ni
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事前に
in advance
Example
事前にでんわしてください。
Jizen ni denwa shite kudasai.
Please call in advance.
50
ねつがある
netsu ga aru
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熱がある
to have a fever
Example
きのうから熱があります
Kinō kara netsu ga arimasu.
I have had a fever since yesterday.
51
わすれる
wasureru
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忘れる
to forget
Example
かぎを忘れました
Kagi o wasuremashita.
I forgot the key.
52
それで
sore de
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-
because of that
Example
じゅうたいでした。それでおくれました。
Jūtai deshita. Sore de okuremashita.
There was a traffic jam. Because of that, I was late.
53
おそくなる
osoku naru
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遅くなる
to be late
Example
もうすぐ遅くなります
Mō sugu osoku narimasu.
It will be late soon.
54
もうしわけありません
mōshiwake arimasen
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申し訳ありません
I am sorry.
Example
おまちどおさま。ありがとう。申し訳ありません
Omachidōsama. Arigatō. Mōshiwake arimasen.
Thank you for waiting. I'm sorry.
55
いってくる
itte kuru
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行ってくる
to go
Example
ちょっとコンビニへ行ってきます
Chotto konbini e itte kimasu.
I'll go to the convenience store for a bit.
56
そうたいする
sōtai suru
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早退する
to leave early
Example
きょうは3じに早退します
Kyō wa sanji ni sōtai shimasu.
I'll leave early at 3 o'clock today.
57
やすみをとる
yasumi o toru
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休みを取る
to take a day off / to get a leave
Example
らいしゅう2か休みを取ります
Raishū nika yasumi o torimasu.
I'll take two days off next week.
58
できたら
dekitara
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-
if possible
Example
できたら、あしたきてください。
Dekitara, ashita kite kudasai.
If possible, please come tomorrow.
59
ちょっといいでしょうか?
chotto ii deshō ka?
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-
Excuse me, but may I interrupt?
Example
ちょっといいでしょうか、おしえてください。
Chotto ii deshō ka, oshiete kudasai.
Excuse me, may I interrupt? Please tell me.
60
べつにかまいません
betsu ni kamaimasen
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-
No problem.
Example
おそくてもべつにかまいません
Osokutemo betsu ni kamaimasen.
It's no problem even if you're late.
61
もっている
motte iru
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持っている
have
Example
おかねをたくさん持っています
Okane o takusan motte imasu.
I have a lot of money.

Conversation

1
少し遅くなります
Sukoshi osoku narimasu
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I'll be a little late
Example Usage
すみません、財布を忘れて家に帰るので、少し遅くなります。
Sumimasen, saifu o wasurete ie ni kaeru node, sukoshi osoku narimasu.
Sorry, I forgot my wallet and have to go home, so I'll be a little late.
2
~に行って来てもいいですか?
~ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
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May I go to ~? (and come back)
Example Usage
ちょっとトイレに行って来てもいいですか?
Chotto toire ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
May I go to the restroom for a moment?
3
~してもいいでしょうか?
~shite mo ii deshō ka?
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May I do ~? (polite/formal)
Example Usage
明日の午後、早退してもいいでしょうか?
Ashita no gogo, sōtai shite mo ii deshō ka?
May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?
4
~を出して下さい
~o dashite kudasai
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Please submit ~
Example Usage
休暇を取るときは、休暇届を出して下さい。
Kyūka o toru toki wa, kyūka todoke o dashite kudasai.
When taking time off, please submit a vacation request form.

Kanji

1
用事
ようじ
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errand, business
🎬
use, business
🎬
thing, matter
Example
今日は用事があります。
Kyō wa yōji ga arimasu.
I have things to do today.
2
伝える
つたえる
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to convey, to tell
🎬
transmit, convey
Example
彼に伝えて下さい。
Kare ni tsutaete kudasai.
Please tell him.
3
連絡先
れんらくさき
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contact information
🎬
connect, link
🎬
entwine, connect
🎬
previous, ahead
Example
連絡先を教えて。
Renrakusaki o oshiete.
Tell me your contact info.
4
別に
べつに
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separately, not particularly
🎬
separate, different
Example
別にいいです。
Betsu ni ii desu.
It's fine. / Not a problem.
5
取る
とる
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to take, to get
🎬
take
Example
本を取って。
Hon o totte.
Take the book.
6
氏名
しめい
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full name (surname and given name)
🎬
family name
🎬
name
Example
氏名を書いて下さい。
Shimei o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name.
7
すう
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number, several
🎬
number
Example
があります。
Sū ga arimasu.
There are several.
8
変える
かえる
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to change
🎬
change
Example
色を変えます。
Iro o kaemasu.
I'll change the color.
9
早く
はやく
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early, quickly
🎬
early, fast
Example
早く来て。
Hayaku kite.
Come quickly.
10
理由
りゆう
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reason
🎬
reason, logic
🎬
reason, cause
Example
それはいい理由です。
Sore wa ii riyū desu.
That's a good reason.

Grammar Rules

Rule 1: Reason/Cause with ~で/て

Structure: Nで / ナAで / イA-くて / V-て、~

Use the て-form of nouns, adjectives, and verbs to connect two clauses where the first clause gives the reason or cause for the second. This is a natural, conversational way to explain 'because A, B' without using explicit conjunctions like から.

How to use: For nouns and な-adjectives: add で (e.g., 雨で, 静かで). For い-adjectives: change い to くて (e.g., 暑くて). For verbs: use the て-form (e.g., 混んでいて). The cause comes first, then the result. The final verb determines tense.
💡 Pro Tip: This pattern implies a direct, often natural cause-effect. It is softer than から. Use it when the reason is obvious or shared. For negative reasons, use なくて for い-adjectives (e.g., 楽しくなくて) and で for nouns (e.g., 雨で). Do not use volitional expressions (〜たい, 〜ましょう) in the result clause.
Examples
道が混んでいて、ぜんぜん動きません。
Michi ga kondeite, zenzen ugokimasen.
→ The road is crowded, so it's not moving at all.
電車が遅れて、会議に間に合いませんでした。
Densha ga okurete, kaigi ni maniaimasen deshita.
→ The train was late, so I couldn't make it to the meeting.

Rule 2: それで、~ (Therefore, so)

Structure: S1。それで、S2

Use それで at the beginning of a sentence to show that the second sentence is a natural result or consequence of the first. It means 'so', 'therefore', or 'that's why'. It connects two independent sentences, unlike the て-form which connects clauses.

How to use: Place それで after the first sentence (reason) and before the second sentence (result/request). It can be used in both polite and casual speech. それで can also be used to ask 'and then?' or to prompt continuation.
💡 Pro Tip: Do not confuse それで (so/therefore) with そして (and then, sequence). それで focuses on cause-effect, while そして simply adds information. Also, それで? with rising intonation means 'And then? / So what?' – a useful conversational prompt.
Examples
家に財布を忘れました。それで、少し遅れます。
Ie ni saifu o wasuremashita. Sorede, sukoshi okuremasu.
→ I forgot my wallet at home. So, I'll be a little late.
雨がひどく降っています。それで、試合は中止になりました。
Ame ga hidoku futte imasu. Sorede, shiai wa chūshi ni narimashita.
→ It's raining heavily. Therefore, the game was canceled.

Rule 3: Asking permission: V-てもいいですか?

Structure: Verb て-form + もいいですか?

Use verb て-form + もいいですか to politely ask for permission to do something. This is the standard way to say 'May I do ~?' in everyday situations. It is appropriate for workplaces, schools, and casual settings.

How to use: Change the verb to て-form, add もいいですか. For negative permission (May I not do?), use ~なくてもいいですか. To give permission, say はい、いいですよ or どうぞ. To refuse, say すみません、ちょっと… or いいえ、ちょっと難しいです.
💡 Pro Tip: For more casual permission among friends, say ~てもいい? For formal situations, use ~てもよろしいですか (politer). Also, ~てもいいです can mean 'it's okay if you do', not just asking permission. Be careful with intonation: rising for question, falling for statement.
Examples
トイレに行って来てもいいですか?
Toire ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
→ May I go to the restroom?
窓を開けてもいいですか?
Mado o akete mo ii desu ka?
→ May I open the window?

Rule 4: Polite permission request: V-てもいいでしょうか?

Structure: Verb て-form + もいいでしょうか?

A more polite version of asking permission, using でしょうか instead of ですか. This form is used with superiors, clients, or in very formal situations. It conveys extra humility and respect.

How to use: Form the て-form of the verb, add もいいでしょうか. The でしょうか is the polite question form of でしょう (probability/guess), making the request softer and less direct. The response should be equally polite.
💡 Pro Tip: Use ~てもよろしいでしょうか for the highest level of politeness (よろしい is the polite form of いい). In business emails or when speaking to a boss, this pattern is very appropriate. For everyday conversations with colleagues, ~てもいいですか is fine.
Examples
明日の午後、早退してもいいでしょうか?
Ashita no gogo, sōtai shite mo ii deshō ka?
→ May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?
お電話をお借りしてもいいでしょうか?
O-denwa o o-kari shite mo ii deshō ka?
→ May I borrow your phone?

Rule 5: Must/have to: V-なければなりません

Structure: Verb ない-form (stem) + なければなりません

Use verb ない-form stem + なければなりません to express obligation or necessity: 'must do' or 'have to do'. This is the standard polite form for saying something is required. The negative ない-form is the base, then add なければなりません.

How to use: Take the ない-form of the verb (e.g., 行く→行かない). Remove the final い to get the stem (行かな). Add ければなりません. For Group 2 verbs: 食べる→食べない→食べなければなりません. Group 3: する→しなければなりません, 来る→来なければなりません (こなければ).
💡 Pro Tip: In casual speech, ~なければならない becomes ~なきゃ (e.g., 行かなきゃ). Also, ~ないといけません is another common pattern (less formal than なければなりません but polite). To ask 'Do I have to?' say ~なければなりませんか. To say 'don't have to', use ~なくてもいいです.
Examples
役所に行かなければならないんです。
Yakusho ni ikanakereba naranai n desu.
→ I have to go to city hall.
毎日、報告書を書かなければなりません。
Mainichi, hōkokusho o kakanakereba narimasen.
→ I have to write a report every day.

Rule 6: Explaining situations: ~んです

Structure: Verb plain form / い-adjective plain form / な-adjective + な / Noun + な + んです

Use ~んです (or ~のです in writing) to explain a situation, give a reason, or provide background information. It adds a sense of 'the thing is...' or 'it's that...' and softens statements, making them more natural in conversation.

How to use: Attach んですか to the plain form of verbs and い-adjectives. For な-adjectives and nouns, add な before んですか. In polite speech, use んです (casual んだ). The question form んですか asks for an explanation. The answer often uses んです to provide the reason.
💡 Pro Tip: This is one of the most important conversational patterns in Japanese. Use it when you want to explain why you are doing something, or when you sense the listener expects an explanation. Do not overuse it for simple statements. Also, の (instead of ん) is used in careful speech or writing.
Examples
東京から、国の友だちが来るんです。
Tōkyō kara, kuni no tomodachi ga kuru n desu.
→ The thing is, a friend from my country is coming from Tokyo.
どうして遅れたんですか? – 道が混んでいたんです。
Dōshite okureta n desu ka? – Michi ga konde ita n desu.
→ Why were you late? – It's because the road was crowded.

Exercises

Question 1

Choose the correct て-form to complete the sentence meaning 'The road is crowded, so it's not moving at all.'

道が混ん______、ぜんぜん動きません。

Question 2

Choose the correct reading of 用事 to complete the sentence.

今日は______があります。

Question 3

Complete the sentence meaning 'I forgot my wallet at home. So, I'll be a little late.'

家に財布を忘れました。______、少し遅れます。

Question 4

Choose the correct reading of 伝える to complete the sentence.

彼に______て下さい。

Question 5

Choose the correct way to ask 'May I go to the restroom?'

Question 6

What is the meaning of 連絡先?

連絡先を教えて下さい。

Question 7

Choose the more polite version of 'May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?'

Question 8

Choose the correct reading of 別に to complete the sentence.

______いいです。

Question 9

Complete the sentence meaning 'I have to write a report every day.'

毎日、報告書を______なりません。

Question 10

Choose the correct reading of 取る to complete the sentence.

本を______て。

Question 11

Choose the correct explanation for 'Why were you late?'

Q: どうして遅れたんですか? A: ______。

Question 12

Choose the correct reading of 氏名 to complete the sentence.

______を書いて下さい。

Question 13

Complete the sentence meaning 'It's hot, so may I open the window?'

暑______、窓を開けてもいいですか?

Question 14

Choose the correct reading of 数 to complete the sentence.

______があります。

Question 15

What is the casual equivalent of '行かなければなりません'?

Question 16

Choose the correct reading of 変える to complete the sentence.

色を______ます。

Question 17

How do you ask 'May I not go?'?

Question 18

What is the meaning of 早く in '早く来て'?

Question 19

Which sentence uses それで correctly to mean 'so/therefore'?

Question 20

Choose the correct reading of 理由 to complete the sentence.

それはいい______です。

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On'yomi:
Kun'yomi: