Japanify

Lesson 14: Taking Time Off (休み)

Asking for permission, reporting absences, and workplace procedures

This lesson focuses on workplace communication for requesting time off, reporting lateness, and asking for permission to leave work temporarily. Students learn to make polite requests, give reasons for absences, fill out vacation request forms, and understand Japanese workplace procedures and etiquette.

Lesson 14: Taking Time Off (休み) image

Key topics:

  • ・Reporting lateness and calling in sick to work
  • ・Asking for permission to leave work temporarily
  • ・Requesting early dismissal or time off in advance
  • ・Filling out and understanding vacation request forms
  • ・Workplace etiquette and formal apologies
  • ・Japanese workplace culture regarding time off and seals

Vocabulary

1
とる
toru
取とる
to pick up
Example
これを取とりに帰かえります.
Kore o torini kaerimasu.
I'm going back to pick it up.
2
つたえる
tsutaeru
伝つたえる
to tell
Example
みなさんに伝つたえてください.
Minasan ni tsukaete kudasai.
Please tell everyone.
3
やすむ
yasumu
休やすむ
to take a day off
Example
昨日きのうは、休やすんですみませんでした.
Kinō wa, yasun de,sumimasendeshita.
I apologize for being absent yesterday.
4
すう
suu
吸すう
to smoke
Example
たばこをすいます.
Tabako o suimasu.
I smoke cigarettes.
5
もどる
modoru
戻もどる
to return
Example
すぐに戻もどります.
Sugu ni modorimasu.
I'll return soon.
6
すむ
sumu
済すむ
to finish
Example
もうしごとが済すみました.
Mō shigoto ga sumimashita.
Work is already finished.
7
だす
dasu
出だす
to submit
Example
レポートを出だします.
Repōto o dashimasu.
I'll submit the report.
8
ていしゅつする
teishutsu suru
提出ていしゅつする
to submit
Example
しゅくだいを提出ていしゅつします.
Shukudai o teishutsu shimasu.
I'll submit the homework.
9
もつ
motsu
持もつ
to carry
Example
かばんをもちます.
Kaban o mochimasu.
I carry the bag.
10
いる
iru
要いる
to require
Example
これが要いります.
Kore ga irimasu.
This is needed.
11
もっている
motte iru
持もっている
have
Example
おかねをたくさん持もっています.
Okane o takusan motte imasu.
I have a lot of money.
12
ちこくする
chikoku suru
遅刻ちこくする
to be late
Example
明日あしたすこし遅刻ちこくします.
Ashta shukoshichikoku shimasu.
I'll be little late tomorrow.
13
わすれる
wasureru
忘わすれる
to forget
Example
財布さいふを忘わすれました.
Saifu o wasuremashita.
I forgot my wallet.
14
いってくる
itte kuru
行いってくる
to go
Example
ちょっとコンビニへ行いってきます.
Chotto konbini e itte kimasu.
I'll go to the convenience store for a bit.
15
そうたいする
sōtai suru
早退そうたいする
to leave early
Example
きょうは3じに早退そうたいします.
Kyō wa sanji ni sōtai shimasu.
I'll leave early at 3 o'clock today.
16
やすみをとる
yasumi o toru
休やすみを取とる
to take a day off / to get a leave
Example
らいしゅう2か休やすみを取とります.
Raishū nika yasumi o torimasu.
I'll take two days off next week.
17
きゅうけいする
kyūkei
休憩きゅうけいする
to take a break
Example
10ぷん休憩きゅうけいします.
Jippun kyūkei shimasu.
I'll take a 10-minute break.
18
おそくなる
osoku naru
遅おそくなる
to be late
Example
もうすぐ遅おそくなります.
Mō sugu osoku narimasu.
It will be late soon.
19
こんでいる
kondeiru
混こんでいる
crowded
Example
みちが混こんでいて、ぜんぜんうごきません.
Michi ga konde ite zenzen ugokimasen.
The road is crowded, it's not moving at all.
20
ひどい
hidoi
-
bad / awful
Example
せきがひどいです.
Seki ga hidoi desu.
I have a bad cough.
21
ぐあいがわるい
guai ga warui
具合ぐあいが悪わるい
feel bad / unwell
Example
からだが具合ぐあいが悪わるいです.
Karada ga guai ga warui desu.
I feel unwell.
22
せき
seki
咳せき
cough
Example
咳せきがでます.
Seki ga demasu.
I have a cough.
23
ねつ
netsu
熱ねつ
fever
Example
熱ねつが38どあります.
Netsu ga sanjūhachi do arimasu.
I have a fever of 38 degrees.
24
びょういん
byōin
病院びょういん
hospital
Example
病院びょういんにいきます.
Byōin ni ikimasu.
I go to the hospital.
25
しゃちょう
shachō
社長しゃちょう
president
Example
あのかたが社長しゃちょうです.
Ano kata ga shachō desu.
That person is the president.
26
みなさん
minasan
皆みなさん
everyone
Example
皆みなさん、きをつけてください.
Minasan, ki o tsukete kudasai.
Everyone, please be careful.
27
しゅにん
shunin
主任しゅにん
chief
Example
わたしの主任しゅにんはやさしいです.
Watashi no shunin wa yasashii desu.
My chief is kind.
28
やくしょ
yakusho
役所やくしょ
city hall
Example
ゆうびんきょくは役所やくしょのとなりです.
Yūbinkyoku wa yakusho no tonari desu.
The post office is next to city hall.
29
さいふ
saifu
財布さいふ
wallet
Example
財布さいふをわすれました.
Saifu o wasuremashita.
I forgot my wallet.
30
たばこ
tabako
-
tobacco / cigarette
Example
たばこをやめました.
Tabako o yamemashita.
I quit smoking.
31
しょうにんいん
shōnin in
承認しょうにん印しょうにんいん
seal of approval
Example
ここに承認しょうにん印いんをおしてください.
Koko ni shōnin in o oshite kudasai.
Please put an approval seal here.
32
やすみちゅう
yasumichū
休やすみ中ちゅう
while on leave
Example
いまは休やすみ中なかです.
Ima wa yasumichū desu.
I'm on leave now.
33
おいのり
oinori
お祈いのり
prayer
Example
てらでお祈いのりをします.
Tera de oinori o shimasu.
I pray at the temple.
34
ようじ
yōji
用事ようじ
work
Example
きょうは用事ようじがあります.
Kyō wa yōji ga arimasu.
I have an work today.
35
きゅうかとどけ
kyūka todoke
休暇きゅうか届きゅうかとどけ
vacation request / leave form
Example
これを休暇きゅうか届とどけにだします.
Kore o kyūka todoke ni dashimasu.
I'll submit this as a leave form.
36
しょぞく
shozoku
所属しょぞく
affiliation
Example
あなたの所属しょぞくはどこですか.
Anata no shozoku wa doko desu ka.
Where is your affiliation?
37
しめい
shimei
氏名しめい
full name
Example
ここに氏名しめいと連絡れんらく先さきと理由りゆうを書かいてください.
Koko ni shimei to renrakusen to riyū o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name, contact information and reason here.
38
ハンコ
hanko
-
stamp
Example
ここにハンコをおしてください.
Koko ni hanko o oshite kudasai.
Please stamp here.
39
きかん
kikan
期間きかん
duration
Example
この期間きかんはやすみます.
Kono kikan wa yasumimasu.
I'll take a break during this period.
40
りゆう
riyū
理由りゆう
reason
Example
ここに氏名しめいと連絡れんらくと理由りゆう先さきを書かいてください.
Koko ni shimei to renrakusen to riyū o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name, contact information and reason here.
41
れんらくさき
renrakusaki
連絡れんらく先れんらくさき
contact information
Example
ここに氏名しめいと連絡れんらく先さきと理由りゆうを書かいてください.
Koko ni shimei to renrakusen to riyū o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name, contact information and reason here.
42
びこう
bikō
備考びこう
remarks
Example
この備考びこうをよんでください.
Kono bikō o yonde kudasai.
Please read these remarks.
43
そうむ
sōmu
総務そうむ
general affairs
Example
総務そうむのひとにきいてください.
Sōmu no hito ni kiite kudasai.
Please ask the general affairs person.
44
しよう
shiyō
私用しよう
for private reason
Example
これは私用しようのでんわです.
Kore wa shiyō no denwa desu.
This is a private phone call.
45
はやく
hayaku
早はやく
early, quickly, fast
Example
はやくきてください.
Hayaku kite kudasai.
Please come quickly.
46
で
de
-
because of that (casualそれで)
Example
あめがふりました.で、えんそくはちゅうしです.
Ame ga furimashita. De, ensoku wa chūshi desu.
It rained. Because of that, the field trip is canceled.
47
それで
sore de
-
because of that
Example
じゅうたいでした.それでおくれました.
Jūtai deshita. Sore de okuremashita.
There was a traffic jam. Because of that, I was late.
48
できたら
dekitara
-
if possible
Example
できたら、あしたきてください.
Dekitara, ashita kite kudasai.
If possible, please come tomorrow.
49
これから
kore kara
-
from now
Example
これからしごとをします.
Kore kara shigoto o shimasu.
I'll work from now.
50
じぜんに
jizen ni
事前じぜんに
in advance
Example
事前じぜんにでんわしてください.
Jizen ni denwa shite kudasai.
Please call in advance.

Conversation

1
少し遅くなります
Sukoshi osoku narimasu
I'll be a little late
Example Usage
すみません、財布さいふを忘わすれて家いえに帰かえるので、少すこし遅おそくなります.
Sumimasen, saifu o wasurete ie ni kaeru node, sukoshi osoku narimasu.
Sorry, I forgot my wallet and have to go home, so I'll be a little late.
2
__ に行って来てもいいですか?
ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
May I go to __? (and come back)
Example Usage
ちょっとトイレに行いって来きてもいいですか?
Chotto toire ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
May I go to the restroom for a moment?
3
__ してもいいでしょうか?
shite mo ii deshō ka?
May I do __? (polite/formal)
Example Usage
明日あしたの午後ごご、早退そうたいしてもいいでしょうか?
Ashita no gogo, sōtai shite mo ii deshō ka?
May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?
4
___を出してください
o dashite kudasai
Please submit __
Example Usage
休暇きゅうかを取とるときは、休暇きゅうか届とどけを出だしてください.
Kyūka o toru toki wa, kyūka todoke o dashite kudasai.
When taking time off, please submit a vacation request form.
5
もうしわけありません
mōshiwake arimasen
I am sorry.
Example Usage
遅おそくなって、申もうし訳わけありません.
Osokunatte, Mōshiwake arimasen.
I'm sorry for the delay.
6
すみませんでした
sumimasen deshta
I am sorry.
Example Usage
昨日きのうは、休やすんですみませんでした.
Kinō wa, yasun de, sumimasendeshita.
I apologize for being absent yesterday.
7
ちょっといいでしょうか?
chotto ii deshō ka?
Excuse me, but may I interrupt?
Example Usage
はい、どうしましたか?
はい、どうしましたか?
Yes, what can I help you with?
8
べつにかまいません
betsu ni kamaimasen
No problem.
Example Usage
おそくてもべつにかまいません.
Osokutemo betsu ni kamaimasen.
It's no problem even if you're late.

Kanji

1
用事ようじ
errand, business
用🎬
use, business
事🎬
thing, matter
Example
今日きょうは用事ようじがあります.
Kyō wa yōji ga arimasu.
I have things to do today.
2
伝つたえる
to convey, to tell
伝🎬
transmit, convey
Example
彼かれに伝つたえてください.
Kare ni tsutaete kudasai.
Please tell him.
3
連絡先れんらくさき
contact information
連🎬
connect, link
絡🎬
entwine, connect
先🎬
previous, ahead
Example
連絡れんらく先さきを教おしえて.
Renrakusaki o oshiete.
Tell me your contact info.
4
別べつにかまいません
separately, not particularly
別🎬
separate, different
Example
おそくても別べつにかまいません.
Osokutemo betsu ni kamaimasen.
It's no problem even if you're late.
5
取とる
to take, to get
取🎬
take
Example
本ほんを取とって.
Hon o totte.
Take the book.
6
氏名しめい
full name (surname and given name)
氏🎬
family name
名🎬
name
Example
氏名しめいを書かいてください.
Shimei o kaite kudasai.
Please write your full name.
7
吸すう
to smoke
吸🎬
suck, inhale
Example
たばこをすいます.
Tabako o suimasu.
I smoke cigarettes.
8
変かえる
to change
変🎬
change
Example
6時じにうちにかえります.
Roku-ji ni uchi ni kaerimasu.
I return home at 6:00.
9
早はやく
early, quickly
早🎬
early, fast
Example
早はやく来きて.
Hayaku kite.
Come quickly.
10
理由りゆう
reason
理🎬
reason, logic
由🎬
reason, cause
Example
それはいい理由りゆうです.
Sore wa ii riyū desu.
That's a good reason.

Grammar Rules

Rule 1: Giving a cause or reason

Structure: N + で、~ / ナA + で、~ / イA(-い) + くて、~ / V-て、~

This indicates the cause or reason for the sentence that follows. It is used here to give the reason for being late or absent and to apologize. For nouns, it becomes Nで, such as じこで. For ナ-adjectives, it becomes ~で, such as みちがふくざつで. For イ-adjectives, it becomes ~くて, such as せきがひどくて. For verbs, the テ-form is used.

How to use: Use N + で、~, ナA + で、~, イA(-い) + くて、~, and V-て、~. Examples: じこ→じこで, ふくざつ(な)→ふくざつで, ひどい→ひどくて, こんでいる→こんでいて, やすむ→やすんで, ある→あって, おそくなる→おそくなって. The second clause gives the result. For a negative reason, use ~くなくて or ~じゃなくて. In formal writing, により is used for nouns.
💡 Pro Tip: で for nouns can mark cause, place, or means; context decides. くて for イ-adjectives and で for nouns/ナ-adjectives are used for both "and" and reason. Do not use に for cause. Register is neutral.
SourceForm
じこじこで
ふくざつ(な)ふくざつで
ひどいひどくて
こんでいるこんでいて
やすむやすんで
あるあって
おそくなるおそくなって
Examples
みちがこんでいて、ぜんぜんうごきません.
Michi ga konde ite, zenzen ugokimasen.
→ The traffic is heavy and not moving at all.
ねつがあって、かいしゃをやすみました.
Netsu ga atte, kaisha o yasumimashita.
→ I took a day off from work because I had a fever.

Rule 2: Explaining a situation before the result

Structure: S1.それで、S2

The conjunction それで indicates that S1 is the cause or reason for S2. It is used to explain one's situation first and then to say that one wishes to be late or absent.

How to use: Use S1.それで、S2.. それで starts the second sentence and connects the reason to the result. It is common in polite and casual speech. Related conjunctions are だから (casual) and ですから (polite), but それで often follows a full explanation of the situation.
💡 Pro Tip: それで means "because of that" or "so." It is sentence-initial, unlike から which attaches to a clause. Do not confuse それで with それでは ("well then") or それに ("moreover").
Examples
これからびょういんにいきます.それで、すこしちこくします.
Korekara byōin ni ikimasu. Sore de, sukoshi chikoku shimasu.
→ I am going to the hospital, so I will be a little late.
でんしゃがとまっています.それで、きょうはいけません.
Densha ga tomatte imasu. Sore de, kyō wa ikemasen.
→ The train has stopped. So I cannot go today.

Rule 3: Asking permission to do something

Structure: V-て + もいいですか?

This expression is for asking for permission. It connects to the テ-form of the verb. It asks whether it is okay to do the action.

How to use: Use V-て + もいいですか?. Conjugation: いってくる→いってきてもいいですか, かってくる→かってきてもいいですか, すってくる→すってきてもいいですか, きゅうけいする→きゅうけいしてもいいですか, しつもんする→しつもんしてもいいですか, いく→いってもいいですか. To grant permission, say どうぞ or いいですよ. To refuse, say すみませんが、~ or ちょっと…. The negative prohibition is V-てはいけません. In casual speech, use V-てもいい?.
💡 Pro Tip: Do not use を with this pattern; the verb takes て-form directly. ~てもいいですか is polite permission; ~て下ください is a request, not permission. Register: ですか is polite; でしょうか is more formal.
Dictionary FormRequest Form
いってくるいってきてもいいですか
かってくるかってきてもいいですか
きゅうけいするきゅうけいしてもいいですか
しつもんするしつもんしてもいいですか
いくいってもいいですか
Examples
といれにいってきてもいいですか?
Toire ni itte kite mo ii desu ka?
→ May I go to the restroom?
ちょっとしつもんしてもいいですか?
Chotto shitsumon shite mo ii desu ka?
→ May I ask a question?

Rule 4: Politely asking permission

Structure: V-て + もいいでしょうか?

This expression politely asks for permission from the other person. It is the more formal version of ~てもいいですか?, with ですか changed to でしょうか.

How to use: Use V-て + もいいでしょうか?. Conjugation: たいたいする→たいたいしてもいいでしょうか, しつもんする→しつもんしてもいいでしょうか, とる→とってもいいでしょうか. To grant permission, say はい、いいですよ or どうぞ. To refuse, say すみませんが、ちょっと…. In casual speech, ~てもいいですか? is used.
💡 Pro Tip: でしょうか is more formal and indirect than ですか, so it is safer with superiors or in business. Do not overuse でしょうか in casual conversation; it can sound stiff. Register: formal and polite.
Examples
あしたのごご、たいたいしてもいいでしょうか?
Ashita no gogo, saitai shite mo ii deshō ka?
→ May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?
このしょるいをとってもいいでしょうか?
Kono shorui o totte mo ii deshō ka?
→ May I take this document?

Rule 5: Saying you have to do something

Structure: V-ない stem + なければなりません

This expression indicates something that has to be done regardless of one's intention or wish. It is used to state the reason for being absent or leaving early. The ~ない of the ナイ-form is changed to ~なければなりません.

How to use: Use V-ない stem + なければなりません. Conjugation: いく→いかなければなりません, いる→いなければなりません. The casual form is V-なきゃ or V-ないと. The past is V-なければなりませんでした. A softer alternative is V-ないといけません. In casual speech, ~なきゃ is common.
💡 Pro Tip: This form expresses obligation from circumstances, not personal choice. Do not confuse it with V-てもいいです (permission). The ナイ stem for する is しなければなりません. Register: ~なければなりません is polite and formal; ~なきゃ is casual.
Dictionary FormObligation
いくいかなければなりません
いるいなければなりません
Examples
ちょっと、やくしょにいかなければならないんです.
Chotto, yakusho ni ikanakereba naranai n desu.
→ I have to go to city hall.
あしたははやくおきなければなりません.
Ashita wa hayaku okinakereba narimasen.
→ I have to get up early tomorrow.

Rule 6: Explaining a situation with んです

Structure: Plain form + んです

This expression explains the situation to the other person. It is used to state the reason for getting permission to leave early or be absent. くる→くるんです, いかなければならない→いかなければならないんです.

How to use: Attach んです to the plain form. For nouns and ナ-adjectives, use なんです. For verbs and イ-adjectives, use the plain form + んです. It is often used to give a reason or explain background. The polite form is ~んです; the casual form is ~んだ. The question form is ~んですか?, which asks for an explanation.
💡 Pro Tip: んです adds an explanatory tone; it is not just a polite ending. Use んですか? to ask "what\'s the reason?" and んです to give the reason. Do not confuse it with んですが, which introduces a situation and seeks help. Register: んです is polite; んだ is casual.
Examples
とうきょうから、くにのともだちがくるんです.
Tōkyō kara, kuni no tomodachi ga kuru n desu.
→ A friend from my home country is coming here from Tokyo.
しやくしょにいかなければならないんです.
Shiyakusho ni ikanakereba naranai n desu.
→ I have to go to city hall.

Exercises

Question 1: 'The road is crowded, so it's not moving at all.'

みちが こん ______、ぜんぜん うごきません.

Question 2: 'I took a day off from work because I had a fever.'

ねつが ______、かいしゃを やすみました.

Question 3: 'The cough is bad, so I'll take a day off.'

せきが ______、やすみます.

Question 4: 'The road is complicated, so I got lost.'

みちが ______、みちに まよいました.

Question 5: Which is correct for 'The train stopped because of an accident.'

Question 6: 'I am going to the hospital. So, I will be a little late.'

これから びょういんに いきます.______、すこし ちこくします.

Question 7: 'The train has stopped. So I cannot go today.'

でんしゃが とまっています.______、きょうは いけません.

Question 8: 'May I go to the restroom?'

トイレに いってき ______ いいですか.

Question 9: 'May I ask a question?'

ちょっと しつもん し ______ いいですか.

Question 10: Which is correct for 'May I take a short break?'

Question 11: Which is the more polite version of 'May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?'

Question 12: Which is correct for 'May I take this document?'

Question 13: 'I have to go to city hall.'

やくしょに ______ なりません.

Question 14: 'I have to get up early tomorrow.'

あしたは はやく ______ なりません.

Question 15: Which is correct for 'I have to submit the homework.'

Question 16: 'Why were you late?' 'It's because the road was crowded.'

どうして おくれたんですか. みちが こんでいた ______.

Question 17: Which is correct for 'The thing is, a friend from my country is coming from Tokyo.'

Question 18: Which is correct for 'I have to go to city hall.'

Question 19: Choose the correct reading of 用事.

Question 20: Choose the correct reading of 伝える.

Question 21: Choose the correct reading of 連絡先.

Question 22: Choose the correct reading of 別に.

Question 23: Choose the correct reading of 取る.

Question 24: Choose the correct reading of 氏名.

Question 25: Choose the correct reading of 吸う.

Question 26: Choose the correct reading of 変える.

Question 27: Choose the correct reading of 早く.

Question 28: Choose the correct reading of 理由.

Question 29: Which is correct for 'I have a fever, so may I go home?'

Question 30: Which is correct for 'I forgot my wallet. So, I have to go home.'

On'yomi:
Kun'yomi: