Lesson 14: Taking Time Off (休み)
Asking for permission, reporting absences, and workplace procedures
This lesson focuses on workplace communication for requesting time off, reporting lateness, and asking for permission to leave work temporarily. Students learn to make polite requests, give reasons for absences, fill out vacation request forms, and understand Japanese workplace procedures and etiquette.
Key topics:
- ・Reporting lateness and calling in sick to work
- ・Asking for permission to leave work temporarily
- ・Requesting early dismissal or time off in advance
- ・Filling out and understanding vacation request forms
- ・Workplace etiquette and formal apologies
- ・Japanese workplace culture regarding time off and seals
Vocabulary
Conversation
Kanji
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Giving a cause or reason
This indicates the cause or reason for the sentence that follows. It is used here to give the reason for being late or absent and to apologize. For nouns, it becomes Nで, such as じこで. For ナ-adjectives, it becomes ~で, such as みちがふくざつで. For イ-adjectives, it becomes ~くて, such as せきがひどくて. For verbs, the テ-form is used.
| Source | Form |
|---|---|
| じこ | じこで |
| ふくざつ(な) | ふくざつで |
| ひどい | ひどくて |
| こんでいる | こんでいて |
| やすむ | やすんで |
| ある | あって |
| おそくなる | おそくなって |
Rule 2: Explaining a situation before the result
The conjunction それで indicates that S1 is the cause or reason for S2. It is used to explain one's situation first and then to say that one wishes to be late or absent.
Rule 3: Asking permission to do something
This expression is for asking for permission. It connects to the テ-form of the verb. It asks whether it is okay to do the action.
| Dictionary Form | Request Form |
|---|---|
| いってくる | いってきてもいいですか |
| かってくる | かってきてもいいですか |
| きゅうけいする | きゅうけいしてもいいですか |
| しつもんする | しつもんしてもいいですか |
| いく | いってもいいですか |
Rule 4: Politely asking permission
This expression politely asks for permission from the other person. It is the more formal version of ~てもいいですか?, with ですか changed to でしょうか.
Rule 5: Saying you have to do something
This expression indicates something that has to be done regardless of one's intention or wish. It is used to state the reason for being absent or leaving early. The ~ない of the ナイ-form is changed to ~なければなりません.
| Dictionary Form | Obligation |
|---|---|
| いく | いかなければなりません |
| いる | いなければなりません |
Rule 6: Explaining a situation with んです
This expression explains the situation to the other person. It is used to state the reason for getting permission to leave early or be absent. くる→くるんです, いかなければならない→いかなければならないんです.
Exercises
Question 1: 'The road is crowded, so it's not moving at all.'
みちが こん ______、ぜんぜん うごきません.
Question 2: 'I took a day off from work because I had a fever.'
ねつが ______、かいしゃを やすみました.
Question 3: 'The cough is bad, so I'll take a day off.'
せきが ______、やすみます.
Question 4: 'The road is complicated, so I got lost.'
みちが ______、みちに まよいました.
Question 5: Which is correct for 'The train stopped because of an accident.'
Question 6: 'I am going to the hospital. So, I will be a little late.'
これから びょういんに いきます.______、すこし ちこくします.
Question 7: 'The train has stopped. So I cannot go today.'
でんしゃが とまっています.______、きょうは いけません.
Question 8: 'May I go to the restroom?'
トイレに いってき ______ いいですか.
Question 9: 'May I ask a question?'
ちょっと しつもん し ______ いいですか.
Question 10: Which is correct for 'May I take a short break?'
Question 11: Which is the more polite version of 'May I leave early tomorrow afternoon?'
Question 12: Which is correct for 'May I take this document?'
Question 13: 'I have to go to city hall.'
やくしょに ______ なりません.
Question 14: 'I have to get up early tomorrow.'
あしたは はやく ______ なりません.
Question 15: Which is correct for 'I have to submit the homework.'
Question 16: 'Why were you late?' 'It's because the road was crowded.'
どうして おくれたんですか. みちが こんでいた ______.