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Lesson 2: Everyday Objects

Vocabulary for daily items and demonstratives to identify and describe objects.

You will practice identifying and asking about various objects near the speaker, the listener, or far from both, establishing the use of demonstrative pronouns. This lesson also introduces how to confirm if something belongs to someone.

Lesson 2: Everyday Objects image

Key topics:

  • ・Demonstratives: これ ・ それ ・ あれ (this ・ that ・ that over there)
  • ・Question words: どれ (which one) and なん (what)
  • ・Vocabulary for common objects (ほん, かぎ, とけい, etc.)
  • ・The particle の to show possession (わたし の かさ)
  • ・Asking and answering questions about objects
  • ・Describing objects and ownership

Vocabulary

1
これ
kore
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-
this (thing here)
Example
これはわたしのほんです。
Kore wa watashi no hon desu.
This is my book.
2
それ
sore
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-
that (thing near you)
Example
それはあなたのぺんですか。
Sore wa anata no pen desu ka?
Is that your pen?
3
あれ
are
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-
that (thing over there)
Example
あれはだれのかばんですか。
Are wa dare no kaban desu ka?
Whose bag is that over there?
4
この
kono
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-
this (noun modifier)
Example
このほんはおもしろいです。
Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.
This book is interesting.
5
その
sono
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-
that (noun modifier)
Example
そのつくえはちいさいです。
Sono tsukue wa chiisai desu.
That desk is small.
6
あの
ano
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-
that (noun modifier)
Example
あのひとはせんせいです。
Ano hito wa sensei desu.
That person is a teacher.
7
ほん
hon
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本
book
Example
このほんはやすいです。
Kono hon wa yasui desu.
This book is cheap.
8
じしょ
jisho
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辞書
dictionary
Example
わたしのじしょはあたらしいです。
Watashi no jisho wa atarashii desu.
My dictionary is new.
9
ざっし
zasshi
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雑誌
magazine
Example
そのざっしをよみます。
Sono zasshi o yomimasu.
I read that magazine.
10
しんぶん
shinbun
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新聞
newspaper
Example
あさしんぶんをよみます。
Asa shinbun o yomimasu.
I read the newspaper in the morning.
11
ノート
nōto
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-
notebook
Example
このノートをつかいます。
Kono nōto o tsukaimasu.
I use this notebook.
12
てちょう
techō
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手帳
pocket notebook
Example
てちょうにきろくします。
Techō ni kiroku shimasu.
I record in my pocket notebook.
13
めいし
meishi
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名刺
business card
Example
めいしをこうかんします。
Meishi o kōkan shimasu.
We exchange business cards.
14
カード
kādo
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-
card
Example
このカードはきれいです。
Kono kādo wa kirei desu.
This card is beautiful.
15
えんぴつ
enpitsu
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鉛筆
pencil
Example
えんぴつでかきます。
Enpitsu de kakimasu.
I write with a pencil.
16
ぺん
pen
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-
pen
Example
そのぺんはわたしのです。
Sono pen wa watashi no desu.
That pen is mine.
17
シャープペンシル
shāpupenshiru
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-
mechanical pencil
Example
シャープペンシルをもっています。
Shāpupenshiru o motte imasu.
I have a mechanical pencil.
18
かさ
kasa
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傘
umbrella
Example
あめのひかさがいります。
Ame no hi kasa ga irimasu.
I need an umbrella on rainy days.
19
かばん
kaban
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-
bag, briefcase
Example
このかばんはかるいです。
Kono kaban wa karui desu.
This bag is light.
20
くつ
kutsu
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靴
shoes
Example
あたらしいくつをかいました。
Atarashii kutsu o kaimashita.
I bought new shoes.
21
うわぎ
uwagi
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上着
jacket, coat
Example
このうわぎはあたたかいです。
Kono uwagi wa atatakai desu.
This jacket is warm.
22
とけい
tokei
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時計
watch, clock
Example
そのとけいはたかいです。
Sono tokei wa takai desu.
That watch is expensive.
23
ラジオ
rajio
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-
radio
Example
あさラジオをききます。
Asa rajio o kikimasu.
I listen to the radio in the morning.
24
カメラ
kamera
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-
camera
Example
このカメラでしゃしんをとります。
Kono kamera de shashin o torimasu.
I take photos with this camera.
25
テレビ
terebi
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-
television
Example
よるテレビをみます。
Yoru terebi o mimasu.
I watch TV at night.
26
コンピューター
konpyūtā
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-
computer
Example
コンピューターではたらきます。
Konpyūtā de hatarakimasu.
I work with a computer.
27
くるま
kuruma
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車
car
Example
あのくるまははやいです。
Ano kuruma wa hayai desu.
That car is fast.
28
つくえ
tsukue
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机
desk
Example
このつくえはおおきいです。
Kono tsukue wa ōkii desu.
This desk is big.
29
いす
isu
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椅子
chair
Example
そのいすにすわって下さい。
Sono isu ni suwatte kudasai.
Please sit on that chair.

Conversation

1
ちがいます
chigaimasu
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That's not right / That's wrong
Example Usage
ちがいます、それは私のではありません。
Chigaimasu, sore wa watashi no dewa arimasen.
That's wrong, that's not mine.
2
そうですか
sou desu ka
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Is that so? / I see
Example Usage
明日は雨ですか？そうですか。
Ashita wa ame desu ka? Sou desu ka.
Is it raining tomorrow? Is that so?
3
あのう
anou
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Um... / Well... / Excuse me (getting attention)
Example Usage
あのう、すみません。
Anou, sumimasen.
Um, excuse me.
4
ほんのきもちです
honno kimochi desu
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It's just a small token of my feelings
Example Usage
これはほんの気持ちです。
Kore wa honno kimochi desu.
This is just a small token of my feelings.
5
どうぞ
douzo
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Please / Here you go / Go ahead
Example Usage
どうぞ、お召し上がり下さい。
Douzo, omeshiagari kudasai.
Please, go ahead and eat.
6
どうも
doumo
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Thanks / Hello / Very (informal)
Example Usage
どうもありがとう。
Doumo arigatou.
Thank you very much.
7
[どうも] ありがとう [ございます]
[doumo] arigatou [gozaimasu]
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Thank you very much
Example Usage
プレゼントをありがとうございます。
Purezento wo arigatou gozaimasu.
Thank you very much for the present.
8
これからお世話になります
korekara osewa ni narimasu
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I will be in your care from now on
Example Usage
これからお世話になります、よろしくお願いします。
Korekara osewa ni narimasu, yoroshiku onegaishimasu.
I will be in your care from now on, please be kind to me.
9
こちらこそよろしく
kochirakoso yoroshiku
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I should be the one to say that / Likewise
Example Usage
よろしくお願いします。こちらこそよろしく。
Yoroshiku onegaishimasu. Kochirakoso yoroshiku.
Please be kind to me. Likewise.

Grammar Rules

Rule 1: Demonstratives これ／それ／あれ (kore/sore/are)

Structure: これ／それ／あれ + は + N です → "This/That is [N]"

Use これ (this), それ (that near the listener), and あれ (that over there) to refer to objects based on their distance from the speaker and listener.

Example
これはほんです。
Kore wa hon desu.
→ This is a book.

Rule 2: Modifying nouns with この／その／あの

Structure: この／その／あの + N → "This/That [noun]"

Use この, その, and あの before a noun to specify which item you are talking about.

Example
そのぺんはわたしのです。
Sono pen wa watashi no desu.
→ That pen is mine.

Rule 3: Possession and Relationships with の (no)

Structure: N1 + の + N2 → "N2 belonging to/related to N1"

The particle の shows ownership or relationship between two nouns.

Example
たなかさんのかばんです。
Tanaka-san no kaban desu.
→ It's Tanaka's bag.

Rule 4: Asking "Whose?" with だれの (dare no)

Structure: だれの + N ですか → "Whose [noun] is it?"

Use だれの to ask who owns or is related to an object.

Example
これはだれのノートですか。
Kore wa dare no nōto desu ka?
→ Whose notebook is this?

Exercises

Question 1

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence meaning 'This is a book.'

______ は ほん です。

Question 2

Complete the sentence meaning 'That (near you) is my dictionary.'

______ は わたしの じしょ です。

Question 3

What does 'あれは せんせいの かばん です' mean?

Question 4

Complete the sentence meaning 'This restaurant is delicious.'

______ レストラン は おいしい です。

Question 5

How do you say 'That pen is mine.'?

Question 6

Complete the sentence meaning 'It's Tanaka's bag.'

たなかさん ______ かばん です。

Question 7

Which sentence is correct?

Question 8

Complete the question meaning 'Whose notebook is this?'

これは ______ ノート ですか。

Question 9

How do you answer 'それは だれの ペンですか' if the pen is yours?

Question 10

Complete the sentence meaning 'This is my friend's book.'

これは ともだち ______ ほん です。

Question 11

If you are holding a pen and talking about it, which word do you use?

Question 12

Complete the sentence meaning 'That person over there is my teacher.'

______ ひと は わたしの せんせい です。

Question 13

What does 'きの テーブル' mean?

Question 14

Complete the question meaning 'Whose is this?' (noun omitted)

これは ______ ですか。

Question 15

In conversation, if someone just mentioned a book, which word do you use to refer to that book?

Question 16

Complete the sentence meaning 'That is Maria's bag.'

それは マリアさん ______ かばん です。

Question 17

What is the main difference between これ and それ?

Question 18

Complete the polite question meaning 'Whose umbrella is this?'

これは ______ の かさ ですか。

Question 19

What does 'とうきょうの えき' mean?

Question 20

Complete the sentence meaning 'That restaurant over there is expensive.'

______ レストラン は たかい です。

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