Lesson 7: 部屋が四つあります – There Are Four Rooms (Describing Your Home)
Describing homes, rooms, appliances, and living situations.
This lesson focuses on vocabulary for housing, rooms, furniture, and household appliances. You'll learn how to describe your living space, talk about rooms and their features, and use adjectives to describe homes and living conditions.
Key topics:
- ・Types of housing and residences
- ・Rooms and parts of a house
- ・Household appliances and furniture
- ・Adjectives for describing living spaces
- ・Talking about home features and amenities
- ・Describing living conditions and situations
- ・Polite expressions for visiting homes
Vocabulary
Conversation
Kanji
Grammar Rules
Rule 1: Describing the place you are at
This expression describes a place, especially while showing someone around. ここ is a demonstrative that points to the place where the speaker is now. It means「 this place is [Place]."
Rule 2: Saying what exists in a place
These expressions describe what a place has and where it is. The particle に marks the place where something exists, and が marks the thing that exists. To give a number, put the number before あります.
Rule 3: Saying something is not there
These expressions answer no when asked whether something exists or is available. ありません is the negative form of あります. The particle が in Nがあります is often changed to は and expressed as Nはありません. In spoken language, ないです is also used, with the same meaning as ありません.
Rule 4: Describing things with adjectives
These expressions describe a condition or appearance using adjectives. Japanese adjectives are divided into two types: ナ-adjectives and イ-adjectives. When modifying nouns, ナ-adjectives take ~な, while イ-adjectives end in ~い. To make a sentence, remove ~な and add です for ナ-adjectives, and add です after ~い for イ-adjectives.
Rule 5: Making adjectives negative
These expressions are the negative forms of adjectival sentences. For ナ-adjectives, change ~です to ~じゃないです. For イ-adjectives, change ~いです to ~くないです. They are used to answer negatively about a condition or quality.
| Type | Present | Negative Form |
|---|---|---|
| ナA | しずかです | しずかじゃないです |
| イA | 広(ひろ)いです | 広くないです |
Rule 6: Contrasting with でも
でも is a conjunction meaning「 but." It starts a new sentence and contrasts that sentence with the previous one. It is used in both polite and casual speech to show a difference or unexpected contrast.
Exercises
Question 1
'This is the entrance.'
ここ ______ げんかんです.
Question 2
How do you ask 'Where is this place?'
Question 3
'There is a bed in the room.'
へやに ベッド ______ あります.
Question 4
Which is correct for 'There are three rooms on the second floor.'?
Question 5
'There is no toaster.'
トースター ______ ありません.
Question 6
Which is the correct conversational negative for 'There is no TV.'?
Question 7
'The room is spacious.'
へやは ______ です.
Question 8
How do you say 'The room is quiet.'?
Question 9
'This room is not spacious.'
このへやは ______ です.
Question 10
How do you say 'The apartment is not quiet.'?
Question 11
'My apartment is old. But it's spacious.'
わたしのアパートはふるいです.______、ひろいです.
Question 12
Which correctly uses でも to start a contrasting sentence?
Question 13
Choose the correct reading of 家.
Question 14
Choose the correct reading of 新しい.
Question 15
Choose the correct reading of 広い.
Question 16
Choose the correct reading of 古い.
Question 17
'This is the kitchen.'
ここ ______ だいどころです.
Question 18
How do you ask 'Is there a park?'
Question 19
Which is correct for 'The new apartment has a spacious kitchen.'?
Question 20
'Here is the entrance. There are three rooms.'
ここはげんかんです.へやが ______ あります.